ORALCOM QUARTER 1 5.

Decoding – process of
interpreting the encoded
MODULE 1 - NATURE AND ELEMENTS
message of the speaker by the
OF COMMUNICATION
receiver
Communication (Latin) – communis 6. Receiver – recipient or someone
(noun – common) and communicare who decodes the message
(verb – to make something common) 7. Feedback – reactions,
responses, or information
Communication – process of encoding provided by the receiver
and transmitting messages using 8. Context – environment where
different symbols from one sender to a communication takes place
receiver 9. Barrier – factor that affects the
Aural Communication – ear or hearing flow of communication

Oral Communication – refers to the FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

mouth or speaking Control – functions to control behavior
4 main types of communication Social interaction – allows individuals
1. Verbal – use of words or speech to interact with others
or auditory language to express Motivation – motivates or encourages
emotion to live better
2. Non-verbal – use of visual or
nonverbal cues Emotional Expression – facilitates
3. Written people’s expression of their feelings or
4. Visual emotions

Nature of communication Information Dissemination – functions

to convey information
1. It is a process
2. Occurs between 2 or more MODULE 2 – Models of Communication
people (speaker and receiver)
1. Shannon Weaver Model –
3. Can be expressed through
mother of all communication
words, actions or both
models
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION - Depicts communication as a
linear or one-way process
1. Speaker – source of information consisting of five elements
or message - Missing feedback
2. Message – information, ideas or  Source (Producer of
thoughts conveyed by the Message)
speaker  Transmitter (encoder of
3. Encoding – process of message)
converting the message into  Channel (signals adapted for
actions or other forms that the transmission)
speaker understands  Receiver (decoder of
4. Channel – medium through message from a signal)
which the encoded message is  Destination
conveyed
 communication is two-way, with
encoding/decoding by both
sender and receiver (e.g.,
conversations).

7 Cs of Communication
1. Completeness – having all
parts or elements
2. Conciseness – message is
straight to the point
2. Transaction Model – two-way
3. Consideration
process with feedback
4. Concreteness – being clear
- Interactive
with the message sent
- Collaborative exchange of
5. Courtesy – respect and
messages
politeness
- Noise may interfere with the
6. Clearness – suggests using
flow
simple words in expressing
ideas
7. Correctness – free from
errors
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Emotional
2. Use of Jargon
3. Lack Of Confidence
3. Westley and MacLean’s Model – 4. Noisy Environment
focuses on communication as a
TYPES OF LISTENING
dynamic process involving
feedback 1. Passive – physical presence but
4. Aristotle’s Model: A linear model mental absence
emphasizing speaker, speech, 2. Marginal – erects a barrier
and audience, with persuasion through which he allows info to
as the goal (e.g., public seep
speaking). 3. Projective – responses are of
5. Berlo’s SMCR Model: Breaks restful alertness
communication into Source, 4. Active – most effective, all is
Message, Channel, and being absorbed
Receiver, highlighting factors
ORAL INTERACTION ACTIVITIES
like skills and culture.
6. Lasswell’s Model: Asks "Who 1. Individual reports – students are
says what to whom through assigned and report a topic
which channel with what individually
effect?"—focusing on mass 2. Group reports – students form
communication’s impact. small groups on their own
7. Osgood-Schramm Model: A 3. Video Paper – videotaped oral
circular model where presentation
 4. Convention Panels – students  Small group – involves at
are assigned a broad topic least 3 but not more than 10
relating to the content 3. Public – type of communication
5. Oral Exams – instructor readies that requires you to deliver or
questions, each student picks a send the message before or in
question front of group
6. Advocacy presentations – 4. Mass communication – refers to
students prepare arguments to communication that takes place
support their cause through television and the like
7. Employee Appraisal
MODULE 5 – Types of speeches and
Conferences – students play
speech style
supervisor and subordinate
8. Talk Shows – moderator involves 1. Intimate – formal
audience with host - Occurs between friends and
9. Quiz Shows – jeopardy, family family
feud - Language style may not be
10.Role-playing – students execute shared in public
this individually 2. Casual – informal
11.Team Debate – ethical, legal, - Common among pers
policy related issues - Uses jargons, slang and vulgar
12.Group-assisted team debate – words
only few members may debate 3. Consultative – standard
13.Moderating case studies – - Uses professionally accepted
students discuss specific cases language
14.Interviews – schedule interviews - Students and teachers, patients
with experts on course-related and doctors
topics 4. Formal - uses formal words in
15.Listening – breaking up long formal settings
lectures - One way communication
16.Listening – graded and 5. Frozen – fixed speech
upgraded quizzes - Highest form of communicative
17.Listening – Using student style
summaries - Used in solemn situations
ORAL COMMUNICATION – MOD 4 MODULE 6 – Speech Acts
VARIOUS TYPES OF SPEECH IN
CONTEXT Locutionary – the actual act of uttering
- literal meaning
1. Intrapersonal – centers in one
person where the speaker acts Illocutionary – social function of what
as both the sender and receiver is said – intention of the speaker in
2. Interpersonal – communication uttering the words
among people and establishes Perlocutionary – the result of what is
personal relationship between said – effect utterance upon the
and among them thoughts of the listener
 Dyad communication –
occurs between 2 people
SEARLE’s Classification of Illocutionary TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO
Acts PURPOSE
Assertive – expresses belief about the Informative – informs audience
truth of a proposition
Entertainment – amuses the audience
Directive – tries to make the addressee
Persuasive – seeks to provide
perform an action
favorable ideas
Commissive – commits the speaker to
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO
doing something in the future
DELIVERY
Expressive – expresses his/her feelings
1. Extemporaneous
Declarative – brings change In the - Speaking with limited
external situation preparation
- Guided by notes
Strategies
- Conversational
Nomination- Speaker in this strategy - Popular
carries to collaboratively and 2. Impromptu – speaking without
productively establish a topic. Using advanced preparation
this strategy, you may start to open a - Unrehearsed
topic with the people you are talking - Conversational
to. 3. Manuscript – Speaking with
advanced preparation
Restriction- This refers to limitation - Planned and rehearsed
one may have as a speaker. - Reading a written message
Turn-taking- This is the process by 4. Memorized
which people decide who takes the - Speaking with advanced
conversational floor. In a conversation, preparation
you should not monopolize but give - Planned and rehearsed
the others the chance to speak. - Recited word-for-word

Topic control- This covers how

procedural formality or informality
affects the development of topic in
conversations.
Topic shifting- This involves moving
from one topic to another.
Repair- This refers to how speakers
address the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that
they may encounter in a conversation.
Termination- It refers to the
conversation participants’ close-
initiating expressions that end a topic
in a conversation.