International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 13 (2015) pp 33750-33752
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Internet of Vehicles: Challenges and Issues
Minwoo Ryu1 and Si-Ho Cha2
1
Embedded Software Convergence Research Center, KETI
#68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-816 South Korea
[email protected] 2
Dept. of Multimedia Science, Chungwoon University
113, Sukgol-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-060, South Korea
[email protected] Corresponding author
Copyright © 2015 Minwoo Ryu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract- Internet of Things (IoT) enables physical devices communications. Although the IoV is an emerging concept,
or objects called “things” in the world to connect with each some nascent forms exist today for example ITS in Europe
other and to provide various services via their data collected and Japan has adopted certain forms of IoV technology [7].
from their surrounding environments. Currently, many In the IoV, all of vehicles can share their data
service domains try applying IoT to their services including through On Board Unit (OBU) located in vehicles and Road
smart city, healthcare, and smart home. This paradigm led to Side Unit (RSU) located in infrastructure and then provide
novel Intelligent Transport System (ITS) called Internet of ITS services to users. Accordingly, a common way for
Vehicles (IoV). IoV allows to connect with each vehicle realizing IoV is to combine existing VANET. To this end,
through the Internet and to provide vehicle-to-infrastructure however we have to resolve several issues (1) global unique
(V2I) services as well as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) ID and description to distinguish each vehicle; (2)
communication services without constructing vehicular ad interoperability existing VANET for novel ITS; (3) real time
hoc networks (VANETs). Although the IoV is an emerging data and reliability; and (4) ecosystem for IoV. Therefore, in
concept, we have to consider several critical factors to realize this paper we discuss the tecnical challenges and issue to
IoV. Accordingly, in this paper we discuss the technical realize IoV when we combine between IoV and VANET.
challenges and issues to realize IoV. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. The
challenges and issues to realize IoV are introduced in Section
Keywords- IoT, Internet of Things, IoV, Internet of Vehicles, 2. We conclude this paper with remarks about future work in
V2V, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, V2I, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, ITS Section 3.
2. Challenges and Issues to realize IoV
1. Introduction IoV is composed of device platform called OBU and service
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of devices or objects platform as cloud system. Through these, all of vehicle in the
called "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors IoV can store their information such as driving information,
and connectivity to enable it to achieve greater value and road condition and traffic information to a service platform
service by exchanging data with other connected devices. located in infrastructure. IoV also provide ITS [8] services
Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded using information collected from another service domain
computing system but is able to interoperate within the such as a whether service and parking service. For example,
existing Internet infrastructure [1]. Internet of Things (IoT) whether information collected from a weather service domain
enables things to provide various services via their data can be used to safety driving service including notification of
collected from their surrounding environments. Due to this road surface condition. Likewise, a combination of parking
advantage of IoT, many service domains try applying IoT to space information and navigation system can provide a new
their services including smart city, healthcare, and smart mashup service for efficient parking guide service to drivers.
home. IoT is one of the Future Internet technologies, and the Fig. 1 shows the concept of IoV.
idea is that it can control things and derive information via
connecting between virtual devices and physical devices in
cyberspace [2]. This paradigm lead to novel Intelligent
Transport System (ITS) called Internet of Vehicles (IoV).
IoV allows to connect with each vehicle through
Internet and to provide not only new vehicle services such as
vehicle-to-human (V2H) [3] and vehicle-to-sensor (V2S) [4]
but also existing vehicle services including vehicle-to-
infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) without
any constructing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) [5-6].
IoV can combine existing internet services, IoT, and mobile Fig. 1. Concept of IoV
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 13 (2015) pp 33750-33752
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
As mentioned above, however IoV is still an and customers using pub/sub mechanism. However to apply
emerging concept. To realize IoV we have to resolve several MQTT data exchange mechanism to IoV, management
issues. In this Section we discuss the issues and then propose system to accommodate whole publication and subscription
challenges in other to resolve the issues. about interested data of all of vehicles. Consequently, to
support higher mobility and velocity of vehicle, real time data
2.1. Global unique ID management mechanism is also challenging task in the IoV.
In the IoV, we have to consider global unique ID to identify As mentioned above, all of vehicles have to
each vehicle due to the fact that all of vehicles connect with exchange their data at once because all of vehicles have
each other using Internet. The global unique ID can used to higher velocity and mobility. Hence, when vehicle
provide a specific service to a vehicle or a vehicle use a send/receive data from/to another vehicle, the data reliability
specific service. Hence, definition of global unique ID is very is very important and it is also challenging task in IoV.
important issue in IoV. Although we can use a static IP
address about OBU in a vehicle, the static IP address would 2.4. Ecosystem for IoV
be changed because vehicles have higher velocity and IoV can provide comfort mashup services to human user via
mobility. Consequently, definition of global unique ID is also combination of between various service domains as well as
a challenging task to realize IoV in the World. existing V2V and V2I in vehicle environment. Thus we
consider vitalizing methods of IoV based on creation of IoV-
2.2. Interoperability existing VANET for novel ITS based applications or services. To this end, we need
Support interoperability existing VANET is also very ecosystem for IoV to share various IoV-based applications or
important issue in IoV. Originally, VANET was standardized services including developing open source-based OBU
to provide ITS services to drivers via considering unique platform and mashup services between various services using
characteristics of vehicles. However to use VANET, we have open application program interfaces (APIs). Consequently, to
to construct a specific network. Although IoV can provide vitalize IoV, a building ecosystem for IoV is most important
those ITS services without any constructing network, it challenging task in IoV.
completely replace the ITS provided by existing VANET is a
very difficult problems. Accordingly, an efficient way is to
provide a novel ITS service through interoperability existing 3. Conclusions
VANET. To this end, we have to develop a compatible In this paper, we discuss the technical challenges and issues
protocol with VANET (e.g., IEEE 802.11p) and TCP. to realize IoV. Although the IoV is an emerging concept, we
Furthermore, we can consider combination of multimedia can move up realizing IoV through resolving those challenges
services inside vehicles which would be constructed ZigBee and issues as mentioned in Section 2. Recently, through
[9] or another network for inter-vehicle multimedia services numerous internet technology advances, various service
using IoV. Fig. 2 shows the concept of the inter-vehicle domain try to apply the internet technology to their services
multimedia services using IoV. and then to provide more comfort service to users.
Accordingly, if we apply IoV to vehicle environment, we
would be provide more efficient services as well as existing
ITS services. Future research will include developing
compatible protocol with existing IEEE 802.11p and TCP to
realize IoV.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the editor and anonymous referees
for their helpful comments for improving this paper. This
research was supported by Basic Science Research Program
through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
Fig. 2. Concept of inter-vehicle multimedia services using
funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2012299).
IoV
Correspondence should be addressed to Professor Si-Ho Cha
([email protected]).
2.3. Real time data and reliability
In the vehicle environment, all of vehicle has higher velocity
and mobility and they move alone with road. All of vehicle References
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 13 (2015) pp 33750-33752
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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