Solution

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Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.

(c)

Explanation:

s
2.

ial
(c) copper decreases and silicon increases.
Explanation:
copper decreases and silicon increases.

3. (a)
vd

2
tor
Explanation:
Tu
If the drift speed of electrons is vdv_dvd with a potential difference VVV, then reducing VVV to half results in the drift speed
v
becoming . Thus, the drift speed decreases proportionally to the reduction in potential difference.
d

4.
ics

(d) E

Explanation:
E

3
ys

5.
(c) 3 : 2
Ph

Explanation:
2
V
power dissipated in resistance P = R

As the resistor are connected in parallel to the battery, both have are potential
So, P ∝ 1

R
p1 R2
=
p2 R1

6
= 4
3
= 2

P1 : P2 = 3 : 2

Section B
2

6. a. P = V

R
; keeping V constant, the graph is plotted as shown

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 b.

c. P = I2R ; keeping R constant, graph is as shown

d. P = V

R
; keeping R constant, graph is plotted as

s
ial
tor
Tu
7.
ics

For closed loop ADCA,

10 − 4 (I1 − I2 ) + 2 (I2 + I3 − I1 ) − I1 = 0

7I1 − 6I2 − 2I3 = 10 ...(i)

For closed loop ABCA,
ys

10 − 4I2 − 2 (I2 + I3 ) − I1 = 0

I1 + 6I2 + 2I3 = 10 ...(ii)

Ph

For closed loop BCDED,

5 − 2 (I2 + I3 ) − 2 (I2 + I3 − I1 ) = 0

2I1 − 4I2 − 4I3 = −5 ...(iii)

5
Current in branch AB = I 2 =
8
A

Current in branch AC = I = 2.5 A 1

Current in branch BC = I + I = 2.5 A 2 3

8. Electron mobility of a conductor, μ = and τ eτ

m
∝ T

i. When the temperature T of the conductor increases, the relaxation time τ of free electrons increases. So, mobility μ increases.
ii. Mobility μ is independent of applied potential difference.
9. Definition- It is defined as the average velocity with which all the electrons move inside a conductor under the external potential/
electric fields.
vd eτ
i. Slope = V
=
ml

ii. Wire B is longer

Section C
10. Difference between emf (ε) and terminal voltage (V)
emf Terminal voltage

It is the potential difference between two terminals of the cells when It is the potential difference between two terminals when

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 no current is flowing through it. current passes through it.

It is the cause. It is the effect.

Following plot is showing variation of terminal voltage versus the current.

Note:- Negative slope gives internal resistance, where

V = ε − Ir
ε−V
Or r = I

11. R1 = R0 (1 + αΔt )( in general form)

R1 = 200 ohm, R2 = 100 ohm.
For Resistance R1
R
′
= R1 (1 + αΔt )

s
1

= 200 (1 + 0.0031 × 100)

ial
= 262 Ω
For Resistance R2
′
= 100 (1 + 0.0068 × 100)
R
2

= 168 Ω tor
Hence, Total Resistance in series combination of R1 and R2 at 100oC :
R = R + R = 262 + 168
′ ′
Tu
1 2

= 430 Ω
ics
ys
Ph

12. a. OR

b. i. At a temperature of 4 K, the Resistance of Hg becomes zero.

ii. Region BC ; since current is decreasing with increasing voltage
13. i.

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ii.

I =
E

R+r
(V=E-Ir and V=IR)
E
I =
4+r

⇒ E = 4 + r ...(i)
0.5 = E

9+r

Also E = 4.5 + 0.5r ...(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii),

s
4 + r = 4.5 + 0.5r

ial
∴ r = 1 Ω (internal resistance)

Using this value of r, we get,

E = 5V
tor
Tu
ics
ys
Ph

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