9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

Solution
HARD WORK NEVER FAILS
Class 12 - Mathematics
1. Let I =
1
3

2 4
x ⋅(x +1) 4

Taking x common from the denominator, we get

4

1dx
I = ∫ 3
3

2 4 1 4
x (x ) 4 (1+ )
4
x

dx
= ∫ 3

2 3 1 4
x (x )(1+ )
4
x

dx
= ∫ 3

5 1 4
x (1+ )
4
x

Let t
1 dt dx
= 1 + ⇒ − =
x
4 4 x
5

1 −1 dt
⇒ ∫ 3
⋅ dx = ∫ 3
4
2 4
x ⋅(x +1) 4 t 4

=
−1 t 4

( ) + C
4 1

= −t 4 + c

=−(1 + 1 4

4
) + c
x

2. Given: 2
(x +1)(x +4)
1
2

Let I = 2
(x +1)(x +4)
1
2

Using partial fraction:

Let 2
(x +1)(x +4)
1
2
=
Ax+B

(x +1)
2
+
C x+D

(x +4)
2
.....(i)
2 2
(Ax+B)(x +4)+(C x+D)(x +1)
⇒
(x+1)(x +9)
1
2
= (x+1)(x +9)
2

⇒ 1 = (Ax + B)(x
2 + 4) + (Cx + D)(x2 + 1)
⇒ 1 = Ax
3 + 4Ax + Bx2 + 4B + Cx3 + Cx + Dx2 + D
⇒ 1 = (A + C)x
3 +(B + D)x2 +(4A + C)x + (4B + D)
Equating the coefficients of x, x2, x3 and constant value. We get:
A + C = 0 ⇒ C = -A
B + D = 0 ⇒ B = -D
4A + C = 0 ⇒ 4A = -C ⇒ 4A = A ⇒ 3A = 0 ⇒ A = 0 ⇒ C = 0
4B + D = 1 ⇒ 4B - B = 1 ⇒ B = 1

3
⇒ D= −1

Put these values in equation (i)

1 Ax+B C x+D
⇒ = +
2 2 2 2
(x +1)(x +4) (x +1) (x +4)

1
1 (0)x+(− )
(0)x+ 3
1 3
⇒ = +
2 2 2 2
(x +1)(x +4) (x +1) (x +4)

1
1 (− )
3
1 3
⇒ = +
2 2 2 2
(x +1)(x +4) (x +1) (x +4)

⇒ ∫
2
(x +1)(x +4)
1
2
dx = 1

3
⋅ ∫
(x +1)
1
2
dx −
1

3
⋅ ∫
2
1

(x +4)
dx

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 1/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

⇒ ∫
2
(x +1)(x +4)
1

2
dx = 1

3
⋅ ∫
2
1

2
dx −
1

3
⋅ ∫
2
1

2
dx
(x + 1 ) (x + 2 )

= 1

3
⋅ tan
−1
x −
1

3
⋅
1

2
tan
−1 x

2
+ C

1 −1 1 −1 x
⇒ I = ⋅ tan x − tan + C
3 6 2

3. Let I =
2+sin 2x

1+cos 2x
e
x

=( 2+2 sin x cos x

2 cos
2
x
)e
x

= 2⋅( 1+sin x cos x

2 cos
2
x
)e
x

=( 1
2
x
+
sin x cos x
2
x
)e
x

cos cos

= (sec 2
x + tan x) e
x

2+sin 2x x 2 x
⇒ ∫ e dx = ∫ (sec x + tan x) e dx
1+cos 2x

Now let tan x = f(x)

2
⇒ f'(x) = sec x dx

2 x ′ x x
⇒ ∫ (sec x + tan x) e dx = ∫ (f (x) + f (x)) e dx = e f (x) + C

x
⇒ I = e tan x + C
2

4.
2 y
x
+ = 1
4 9

2 2 −−−−−
= 4∫ √9 − y 2 dx
0 3

−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
= 4∫ √3 − y dx
0 3

2 y −−−−− 9 −1
y 3
= 4 × [ √9 − y 2 + sin ]
3 2 2 3 0

2 3 9 −1
= 4 × [ (0) + sin (1)− [0 − 0]]
3 2 2

{tex}=4×\frac{2}{3} \left[ {\frac{9}{2}(\frac{π}{2})} \right]{/tex}

= 6π sq. units

5. The given equation of the ellipse, , can be represented.

2 y
x
+ = 1
16 9

It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical about x-axis and y-axis.∴ Area
bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of OAB
Area of OAB = ∫
4
ydx
0

−−−−−
2
4 x
= ∫ 3√1 − dx
0 16

3 4 −−−−−−
= ∫ √16 − x2 dx
4 0

3 x −−−−−− 16 −1 x
4
= [ √16 − x2 + sin ]
4 2 2 4 0

3 −−−−−− −1 −1
= [2√16 − 16 + 8sin (1) − 0 − 8sin (0)]
4

3 8π
= [ ]
4 2

3
= [4π] = 3π
4

Therefore, are a bounded by the ellipse = 4 × 3π = 12πunits.

6.
(d) π

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 2/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

Explanation:

The area bounded by the circle and the lines, x = 0 and x = 2, in the first quadrant is
shown by shaded region in above figure.
−−−− −
Area of OAB = ∫
2 2
2
ydx = ∫ √4 − x dx
0 0

x −−−− −
2 4 −1 x
−2
= [ √4 − x + sin ]
2 2 2 0

π
= 2( ) = π
2

Therefore, required area is = π square units.

7.
(d) 9

Explanation:

The area bounded by the curve y2 = 4x, y-axis and the line y = 3 is shown by shaded
region in above figure.
3 3 2

Thus, Area OAB = ∫

y
xdy = ∫ dy
4
0 0

3 3
1 y
= [ ]
4 3
0

1 9
= (27) =
12 4

Therefore, required area is = 9

4
square units
8. Given: Differential equation
dy 1−cos x
=
dx 1+cos x

1−cos x
⇒ dy = dx
1+cos x

2 x
2sin
Integrating both sides, ∫ dy = ∫
2cos2
2
x dx
2

2 x
⇒ y = ∫ tan dx
2

2 x
⇒ y = ∫ (sec − 1)dx
2
x
tan
2
⇒ y = − x + c
1

x
⇒ y = 2 tan − x + c
2

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 3/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

9. (a) y = log| (e x
+ e
−x
)| + C

Explanation:
x −x x −x
(e + e )dy = (e − e )dx

x −x ′

Since ∫
(e − e ) f (x)
∫ dy = ∫ x −x
dx dx = lnf (x) + c
(e + e ) f (x)

x −x
y = log|(e + e )| + C

10.
(b) cos
y−1
= a
x

Explanation:
dy
−1
= cos a
dx

−1
∫ dy = cos a ∫ dx

−1
y = xcos a + c

When y = 1 , x = 0 , then 1=0 cos −1

a + c c = 1

−1
∴ y = xcos a + 1

y−1
−1
∴ = cos a
x

11.
(d) √3

2
^
i +
1

2
^
j

Explanation:
→ 0
Let ˆ ˆ
r = xi + yj be a unit vector in XY plane,making angle 30 with positive X axis ,so
→
we have the vector as 0
r = cos 30 ^
0
i + sin 30 ^j

√3 1 ∣ →∣
x = ;y = , (∵ r = 1) .
2 2 ∣ ∣

→
is the required vector.
√3 1
∴ ˆ + ˆ
r = i j
2 2

12. (a) −5

2
^
i +
3√3

2
^
j

Explanation:
→ →
Let ,x= 5 3√3 −5 3√3
ˆ ˆ ˆ + ˆ
r = −x i + y j ,y = ∴ r = i j
2 2 2 2

13.
(b) ± 1

√3

Explanation:
As x(^i + ^j + k
^
) is a unit vector, therefore,

∣ ^ ∣ −− −−− −−
x (^
i + ^
1
j + k ) = 1 ⇒ x√ 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 ⇒ x =
∣ ∣ √3

14.
(c) 3a⃗ + 5b ⃗
Explanation:
→
Let position vector of point R be r . As point R divides externally the line segment PQ in
the ratio 1:2 .therefore ,
→ → →
→ → →
1( a −3 b )−2(2 a + b ) (−3 a −5 b )
→
r = =
1−2 −1

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 4/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

→ → →
r = 3 a + 5 b

→ → →
→ → →
→ →
Also , mid point of the line segment RQ is : = 3 a +5 b + a −3 b

2
=
4 a +2 b

2
= 2 a + b ,which is
the position vector of point P.Therefore , P is the mid point of line segment RQ.
15.
–
(c) 1

7
(3^
i − 6^
^
j + 2k) ; 11√5

Explanation:
We have, Diagonal AC as,
→
^ ^ ^
AC = (^
i − 2^
j − 3k) + (2^
i − 4^
j + 5k) = 3^
i − 6^
j + 2k

→ −−− −−−−−−− −−−−− −−

2 2 2
⇒ |AC | = √(3) + (−6) + (2) = √49 = 7

A unit vector parallel to AC

⃗
is given by:
→
^ ^ ^
3 i −6 j +2k
AC 3 ^ 6 ^ 2 ^
= = i − j + k
→ 7 7 7 7
|AC |

Also, area of parallelogram

∣^ ^ ^ ∣
i j k
→ ∣ → ∣
⇒ |AB × AD| = ∣ 2 −4 5 ∣ = |22^i + 11^j |
∣ ∣
∣1 −2 −3 ∣

−−− −−−−− −−− –

2 2
= √22 + 11 = √605 = 11√5

16. Given points are P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2).
The vector obtained by joining the given points P and Q is:
→
PQ = position vector of Q - position vector of P
= (x 2
− x1 ) ^
i + (y2 − y1 ) ^
^
j + (z 2 − z 1 ) k

→ −−− −−−−− −−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −− −−−

2 2 2
|PQ| = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y − y ) + (z 2 − z 1 )
2 1

Hence, the scalar components and the magnitude of the vector joining the given points
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
P & Q are {(x2 - x1), (y2 - y1), (z2 - z1)} and √(x 2
− x1 )
2
+ (y2 − y1 )
2 2
+ (z 2 − z 1 )

respectively.
17. Given: a⃗ = b ⃗ + c ⃗
∴ Either the vectors a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are collinear or form the sides of a triangle.
Case I: Vectors a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are collinear.
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→
Let a⃗ = AC , b ⃗ = AB and c ⃗ = BC
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→
Then a⃗ = AC ⃗
= AB + BC = b + c ⃗

Also, |a|⃗ = AC = AB + BC =
∣ ∣⃗
∣b∣
+ |c |⃗

Case II: Vectors a,⃗ b,⃗ c ⃗ form a triangle.

Here also by Triangle Law of vectors, a⃗ = b ⃗ + c ⃗
But |a|⃗ < ∣∣b∣∣⃗ + |c |⃗ [∵ Each side of a triangle is less than sum of the other two sides]
∴
∣ ⃗
∣a
⃗ ∣ ∣ ∣⃗
= b + c ⃗ = b + |c |⃗
∣ ∣ ∣
is true only when vectors b ⃗ and c are
⃗ collinear vectors.

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 5/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

18. Given: Vectors a⃗ = 2^i + 3^j − k

^
and b ⃗ = ^i − 2^j + k
^

Let vector c ⃗ be the resultant vector of a⃗ and b ⃗

^ ^
∴ c ⃗ = a⃗ + b ⃗ = 2^
i + 3^
j − k + ^
i − 2^
j + k

^ ^ ^
= 3 i + j + 0k

∴ Required vector of magnitude 5 units and parallel (or collinear) to resultant vector
c ⃗ = a⃗ + b
⃗
is
^ ^ ^
c⃗ 3 i + j +0k
^ = 5
5c = 5( )
∣
∣c ∣
⃗
∣ √9+1+0

5
= (3^
i + ^
j)
√10

5 √10
= × (3^
i + ^
j)
√10 √10

5√10
= (3^
i + ^
j)
10

√10
^ =
⇒ 5c (3i ⃗ + j)
⃗
2

3√10 √10
= ^
i + ^
j
2 2

19.
(d) r ⃗ = ^i + 2^j + 3k
^
+λ (3^i + 2^j − 2k
^
.) ,λ ∈ R

Explanation:
The equation of the line which passes through the point (1, 2, 3) and is parallel to the
vector
→ →
3^
i + 2^
^
j − 2k, let vector ˆ ˆ ˆ
a = i + j + k and vector b = 3^
i + 2^
^
j − 2k ,
the equation of line is :
→ →
ˆ ^
a + λ b = (ˆ ˆ
i + j + k) + λ(3^
i + 2^
j − 2k)

20. (a) x−2 y+1 z−4

= =
1 2 −1

Explanation:
We have ,
→ →
a = 2^
i − ^
^
j + 4k and b = ^
i + 2^
^
j − k , then, its Cartesian equation is given by :
x−x 1 y−y z−z1
1
= =
l m n

Here, x 1
= 2, x2 = −1, x3 = 4 And l = 1 , m = 2 and n = -1 .
Therefore , x−2 y+1 z−4
= =
1 2 −1

21. We know that direction ratios of the line joining the points A (1, −1, 2) and B (3, 4, −2) are
x2 − x1 , y2 − y1 , z2 − z1

⇒ 3 − 1, 4 − (−1) , −2 − 2

⇒ 2, 5, −4 = a1 , b1 , c1

Again, direction ratios of the line joining the points C (0, 3, 2) and D (3, 5, 6) are
x2 − x1 , y2 − y1 , z2 − z1

⇒ 3 − 0, 5 − 3, 6 − 2

⇒ 3, 2, 4 = a2 , b2 , c2 (say)

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 6/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

For lines AB and CD, a a + b b + c c = 2 × 3 + 5 × 2 (−4) × 4 = 6 + 10 − 16 = 0

1 2 1 2 1 2

Since, it is 0, therefore, line AB is perpendicular to line CD.

22. Equation of one line x−5 y+2
z
= =
7 −5 1

∴ Direction ratios of this line are 7, −5, 1 = a 1

, b1 , c1

⃗ ^
⇒ b1 = 7^
i − 5^
j + k

Again equation of another line

y
x z
= =
1 2 3

∴ Direction ratios of this line are 1, 2, 3 = a 2

, b2 , c2

⃗ ^
⇒ b = ^
i + 2^
j + 3k

Now b ⃗ . b ⃗ = a a + b b = c c = 7 × 1 + (−5) × 2 + 1 × 3= 7 − 10 + 3 = 0
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Hence, the given two lines are perpendicular to each other.

23. Let θ be the angle between the given lines
⃗ ^ ^ ^
b1 = i − j + 2k and b ⃗ 2
^ ^ ^
= 3 i − 5 j − 4k

∣ ⃗ ⃗ ∣
b 1 .b 2
cos θ = ∣ ∣
∣ ⃗ ∣∣ ⃗ ∣
∣ ∣ 1 ∣∣ 2 ∣ ∣
b b

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
∣ ( i − j −2k).(3 i −5 j −4k) ∣

∣ ∣
∣^ ^ ^∣ ∣ ^ ^ ^∣
i − j −2k 3 i −5 j −4k
∣ ∣ ∣∣ ∣ ∣

3+5+8 16 16
= | | = =
√ 1 2 +1 2 +2 2√ 3 2 +5 2 +4 2 √6 √50 √2×3√2×25

16
=
10×√3

8
=
5√3

−1 8
⇒ θ = cos ( )
5√3

24. Given: Equation of one line 1−x 7y−14 z−3 −(x−1) 7(y−2) z−3
= = ⇒ = =
3 2p 2 3 2p 2

(x−1) y−2 z−3

⇒ = 2p
=
−3 2
7

Direction ratios of this line are −3, (say)

2p
∴ , 2 = a1 , b1 , c1
7

Again, equation of another line is 7−7x y−5 6−z −7(x−1) y−5 −(z−6)
= = = = =
3p 1 5 3p 1 5

x−1 y−5 z−6

⇒ = =
−3p 1 −5
7

Direction ratios of this line are (say)

−3p
∴ , 1 − 5 = a2 , b2 , c2
7

Since these two lines are perpendicular.

Therefore, a a + b b + c c = 0 1 2 1 2 1 2

−3p 2p 9p 2p
⇒ (−3) ( ) + ( ) (1) + (2) (−5) = 0 ⇒ + − 10 = 0
7 7 7 7

11p 70
⇒ = 10 ⇒ p =
7 11

25. Consider x + 2y ≤ 8
Let x + 2y = 8
y
x
⇒ + = 1
8 4

∴ a=8,b=4

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 7/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

Since, (0, 0) satisfies the inequation x + 2y ⩽ 8

Therefore, its solution contains (0, 0)
Again 3x + 2y ⩽ 12
Let 3x + 2y = 12
x y
⇒ + = 1
4 6

Again, (0, 0) satisfies 3x + 2y ⩽ 2

Therefore its solution contains (0, 0).
The feasible region is the solution set which is double shaded and is OABCO.
At O (0, 0) Z = 0
At A (4, 0) Z = –3 × 4 = –12
At B (2, 3) Z = –3 × 2 + 4 × 3 = 6
At C (0, 4) Z = 4 × 4 = 16
Hence, minimum Z = –12 at x = 4, y = 0.
26. For plotting the graphs of x + 3y = 3 and x + y = 2, we have the following tables:
x 0 3
y 1 0
x 1 0
y 1 2
The feasible portion represented by the inequalities
x + 3y ⩾ 3, x + y ⩾ 2 and x, y ⩾ 0 is represented by the shaded region ,

In the figure. The coordinates of point B are ( 3

2
,
1

2
)

Which can be obtained by solving x + 3y = 3 and x + y = 2.

At A(0, 2)
Z = 3 × 0 + 5 × 2 = 10

At B ( 3

2
,
1

2
)

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 8/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print
3 1 9 5 14
Z = 3 × + 5 × = + = = 7
2 2 2 2 2

At C (3, 0)
Z = 3 × 3 + 5 × 0 = 9

Hence, Z is minimum is 7 when x = 3

2
and y = . 1

27. We have linear constraints as

x + 2y ≥ 100

2x − y ≤ 0

2x + y ≤ 200

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

and objective function is min or max (Z ) = x + 2y

Now, reducing the above inequations into equations and finding their point of
intersections i.e.,
x + 2y = 100 ...(i)

2x − y = 0 ...(ii)

2x + y = 200 ...(iii)

x = 0, y = 0 ...(iv)

Equations Point of Intersection

(i) and (ii) x = 20 and y = 40
⇒ point is(20, 40)
(i) and (iii) x = 100 and y = 0
⇒ point is (100, 0)
(i) and (iv) whenx = 0 ⇒ y = 50

⇒ point is (0, 50)

when y = 0 ⇒ x = 100

⇒ point (100, 0)
(i) and (iii) x = 50, y = 100

⇒ point is (50, 100)

(i) and (iv) x = 0, y = 0

⇒ point is (0, 0)
(i) and (iv) when x = 0 ⇒ y = 200
⇒ point is (0, 200)
when y = 0, x = 100
⇒ point is (100, 0)
Now for feasible region, using origin testing method for each constraint
For x + 2y ≥ 100, let x = 0, y = 0
⇒ 0 ≥ 100 i.e., true ⇒ the shaded region will be away from the origin

For 2x + y ≤ 200, let x = 0, y = 0

⇒ 0 ≤ 200 i.e., true ⇒ The shaded region will be toward the origin.

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 9/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

Also, non-negative restrictions x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 indicates that the feasible region will be exist
in first quadrant.
Now, corner points are A(0, 50), B(20, 40), C (50, 100) and D(0, 200)

For optimal solution substituting the value of all comer points in Z = x + 2y

Corner points Z = x + 2y

A(0, 50) Z = 0 + 2 × 50 = 100

Minimum
B(20, 40) Z = 20 + 2 × 40 = 100

C (50, 100) Z = 50 + 2 × 100 = 250

D(0, 200) Z = 0 + 2 × 200 = 400 → Maximum

Hence, minimum (Z) = 100 at all points on the line segment joining the points A(0, 50)
and B(20, 40) : Maximum (Z) = 400 at (0, 200)
4

28. We have P(A|B) =

P (A∩B) 4
13
= =
9 9
P (B)
13

29. Two event A and B are independent if P (A ∩ B) = P (A). P (B)

Sample space of the experiment is, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Now E = {3, 6}, F = { 2, 4, 6} and E ∩ F = {6}
Then P(E) = 2

6
=
1

3
, P(F) = 3

6
=
1

2
and P(E ∩ F) = 1

Clearly P(E ∩ F) = P(E). P(F) = 1

Hence E and F are independent events.

30. We are given that a family has two children.
Let b stand for Boy and g for Girl.
The sample space of the experiment is
S = {(b, b), (g, b), (b, g), (g, g)}
Let E and F denote the following events :
E : Both the children are Boys
F : At least one of the child is a Boy
Then, E = {(b,b)} and F = {(b,b), (g,b), (b,g)}
Now E ∩ F = {(b,b)}
Thus P(F) = 3

4
and P (E ∩ F ) = 1

Therefore P(E/F) =
P(E∩F)
4 1
= =
3 3
P(F)
4

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 10/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

31. Sample space of the experiment is 'S' = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

Let's define two events
A : Number on the card drawn is even.
B : Number on the card drawn is greater than 3.
⇒ A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

A ∩ B = {4, 6, 8, 10}

Also, P(A) = 10
5
, P(B) = 10
7
and P (A ∩ B) = 4

10

Then P(A|B) =
P(A∩B) 4
10
= =
7 7
P(B)
10

32. Let E denote the event that the person selected is actually having HIV and A the event
that the person’s HIV test is diagnosed as +ve.
Let E' denote the event that person selected is actually not having HIV.
Clearly, {E, E'} is a partition of the sample space of all people in the population.
We are given that
P(E) = 0.1% = 0.1

100
= 0.001
P(E') = 1 - P(E) = 0.999
P(
A

E
) = 90% = 90

100
= 0.9
P(
A

E
′
) = 1% = 100
1
= 0.01
By Bayes theorm,we have,
P (E)P (A/E)
E
P( ) = ′ ′
A P (E)P (A/E)+P (E )P (A/E )

0.001×0.9
=
0.001×0.9+0.999×0.01

9
=
9+99.9

90
=
1089

= 0.083
33. Let B1 = bolt is manufactured by A
B2 = bolt is manufactured by B
B3 = bolt is manufactured by C
Let E denote the event that bolt is defective.
The event E occurs with B1 or with B2 or with B3. Given that,
P (B1) = 25% = 0.25
P (B2) = 0.35
P (B3) = 0.40
P ( E|B1) =Probability that the bolt drawn is defective given that it is manu-factured by
machine A = 5% = 0.05.
Similarly, P (E|B2) = 0.04
P (E|B3) = 0.02
Hence, by Bayes theorm, we have,
P (B2 )P (E/B2 )
P (B 2 /E) =
P (B1 )P (E/B1 )+P (B2 )P (E/B2 )+P (B3 )P (E/B3 )

0.35×0.04
=
0.25×0.05+0.35×0.04+0.40×0.02

0.0140
=
0.0345

28
=
69

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 11/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print

34. Given differential equation is,

−−
2
−−−−2
xdy − ydx = √x + y dx

−−
2
−−−−2
⇒ (y + √x + y ) dx = xdy

−−−−−
2
dy y y
⇒ = + √1 +
dx x x
2

which is a homogeneous differential equation as

dy y
= F ( )
dx x

put, y = vx
dy
dv
⇒ = v + x
dx dx

dv −−−−−
v + x = v + √1 + v2
dx

dv −−−−− dv dx
2
⇒ x = √1 + v ⇒ =
dx √ 1+v 2 x

On integrating both sides, we get

dv dx
∫ = ∫
√ 1+v 2 x

−−−−− dx −− −−−− dx
2 2 2
⇒ log∣
∣v + √1 + v ∣∣ = log |x| + C [∵ ∫ = log∣
∣x + √x + a ∣ ∣and ∫ = log |x|]
2
√ a +x 2 x

−−−−−2
∣ y y ∣ y
⇒ log + √1 + = log |x| + C [ put v = ]
∣x x
2
∣ x

2 2
∣ y+√ x +y ∣
⇒ log∣ ∣ − log |x| = C
x
∣ ∣

∣ y+√ x2 +y 2 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ x ∣
∣ ∣
m
⇒ log = c [∵ log m − log n = log( )]
x n

2 2
y+√ x +y
if then y
C x
⇒ 2
= e [ log y = x = e]
x

−−
2
−−−−2 2 C
⇒ y + √x + y = x ⋅ e

−− −−−− C
2
∴ y + √x + y
2
= Ax , where A = e
2

which is the required solution.

y y
{x cos( )+y sin( )}y

35.
dy x x

=
dx y y
{y sin( )−x cos( )}x
x x

y y
{x cos( )+y sin( )}y

Let f (x, y) =
x x

y y
{y sin( )−x cos( )}x
x x

Here, putting x = kx and y = ky

ky ky
{kx cos( )+kysin( )}ky
kx kx

f (kx, ky) =
ky ky
{kysin( )−kx cos( )}kx
kx kx

y y
2 {x cos( )+y sin( )}y
k x x
f (kx, ky) = 2
⋅ y y
k {ysin( )−x cos( )}x

= k0.f(x,y)
x x

Therefore, the given differential equation is homogeneous.

y y
{x cos( )+y sin( )}y
dy x x

=
dx y y
{y sin( )−x cos( )}x
x x

To solve it we make the substitution.

y = vx
Differentiating eq. with respect to x, we get

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 12/13
9/2/25, 7:44 PM Print
dy
dv
= v + x
dx dx

{x cos(v)+vxsin(v)}vx
dv
v + x =
dx {vxsin(v)−xcos(v)}x

{cos(v)+vsin(v)}v
dv
v + x =
dx {vsin(v)−cos(v)}

{cos(v)+vsin(v)}v
dv
x = − v
dx {vsin(v)−cos(v)}

2 2
v cos(v)+v sin(v)−v sin(v)+v cos(v)
dv
x =
dx vsin(v)−cos(v)

2v cos(v)
dv
x =
dx vsin(v)−cos(v)

v sin(v)−cos v
1
dv = dx
2v cos v x

vsin v cos v 1
dv − dv = dx
2v cos v 2v cos v x

1 1 1 1
tan vd v − ⋅ dv = dx
2 2 v x

Integrating both sides, we get

1 1 1 1
∫ tan vdv − ⋅ ∫ dv = ∫ dx
2 2 v x

1 1
log sec v − log v = log x + log k
2 2

log sec v – log v = 2 log kx

y y
log sec( ) − log( ) = 2 log kx
x x

x y
2
log( sec( )) = log(kx)
y x

x y
2 2
sec( ) = k x
y x

1 2
= k
y
xy cos( )
x

y 1
xycos( ) = 2
x k

1
C = 2
k
y
xycos( ) = c
x

The required solution of the differential equation.

36.
(d) x = ν y
Explanation:
A homogeneous equation of the form can be solved by making the
dy x
= h( )
dx y

substitution x= vy.so that it becomes variable separable form and integration is then
possible

https://app.examin8.com/testpaper/view-testpaper/2257281/print 13/13