5 Circular Motion

0 Angular position is the angle (q) made by the

iwjh mechanics es circular motion lcls T;knk position vector of a point (measured from a fixed
important chapter gS ftldk use WPE, COM, origin) with respect to a chosen reference line or
Rotation, Electrostatic, Magnetism etc. es gksxk...... direction.
cgqr gh vkjke ls lqoqQu ls basic fundamental and 0 q → angular displacement ⇒ angle rotated by
definition vPNs ls i<+uk D;ksafd ;s vkidk base ready radius vector or (position vector).
djsxk..... are you ready 0 Difference between the two angular positions of
the particle moving along any arbitrary path w.r.t.
some fixed point is called angular displacement.
or
dq
0 Angular velocity = Rate of change of
dt
angular position (for radius vector).
0 Angular acc. ‘a’ = Rate of change of angular
d d2 q
Let us feel a beautiful girl is running infront of you velocity =
dt dt2
and you are watching her.... vcs feel dj uk.... cksys rks
0 Angular variables: q, , a depend on observer.
Let a particle is moving in a random curved path as
shown in fig. and we are observing it from O. Average Angular Speed
It is the ratio of total angular displacement and the
time taken to do so.

Total angular displacement ∆q

Initial
→ av
Total time taken ∆t
ri Final
→
q rf Instantaneous Angular Velocity
It is the rate of change of angular position at some
o
particular instant.

SKC Instantaneous angular velocity

 
 ∆q  dq
lim
∆t → 0 ∆t dt
Bhai teri mundi kitna angle ghumi is called angular
0 Instantaneous angular velocity can also be called
displacement kis rate se ghumi is called angular simply as angular velocity.
velocity of
Q. If angular displacement is given as
radius vector.
q = 2t2 + 3 where 't' is time then
(i) Find out average angular speed upto 3 sec.
(ii) Angular velocity, angular acceleration at
3 sec.
 Total angular displacement qf – qi 0 Suppose a particle is moving parallel to x-axis on
Sol. (i) = →
avg
total time t2 – t1 xy plane with constant velocity v if observer is at
origin as shown in fig. below. Then angular velocity
qf = 2 (3)2 + 3 = 21 rad (at t = 3 sec)
of radius vector w.r.t origin is given by
qi = 2 (0) + 3 = 3 rad (at t = 0 sec)
21 – 3 vcos q
So, avg = = 6 rad/sec
3 q
→ v
dq r
(ii) instantaneous = = 4t
dt
vsin q = v⊥
= 4 × 3 = 12 rad/sec AO
at t = 3 sec q
d d2 q O
a= = = 4 rad/sec2
dt dt 2 dq
= = ang.vel.of Position vector(P.V)
dt
HkkbZ q, , a
osQ chp fcyoqQy ogh relation gS tks
v sin q v⊥
kinematics es x, v, a osQ chp gqvk djrk Fkk..... r r
x q
Magnitude
dx dq
v= =
dt dt Q. A particle is moving with constant velocity
dv d 10 m/s along positive x-axis. Find of radius
a= a=
dt dt vector about origin when particle is at (3, 4).
Sol.
6
y 3 °=
lj eS rks circular motion i<+us vk;k Fkk og¡k ij q, s5
co
V
a, gksrk Fkk ysfdu vkius rks ;g¡k ij fdlh random )
,4
path osQ fy, pkgs oks straight line gks mlosQ fy, q, (3 53°
P v = 10 m/s
a, define dj fn,
→
r V sin 53° = 8
53°
O (0, 0) x
V sin q 8
( p )abt '0' rad/s
r 5
→
r के ⊥r वाली vel.
=
r
csVk fcyoqQy dj ldrs gS ;s le> ys fd circular
motion bu lcdk special case gh rks gS Q. Find of radius vector about 'O' in following
question.

(a) 20m/s

53°
)
,4
(3

53°
O
Sol. =0
117
Circular Motion
 (b)
VAB
⊥
s
m/
AB
rAB
2
10
45° Here (VAB)⊥ = Relative velocity ⊥ to position vector AB
(0, 2)
rAB = separation between A and B.
O
VAB VA sinq1 + VB sinq2
10 ⊥
Sol. 5rad / s
2
rAB r
(c)
VA sinq1 + VB sinq2
(0, 5) 20m/s AB
90° r

Q. Calculate angular velocity of B wrt A.

O
10
20 10 / 2
Sol. 4 rad/s
5

(d) P 100 m/s 37° 45°

A B
10 m 2m
A
20 m

B/A =?
10 m
B Sol. Breaking in components

6 10
100
Sol. ( P )wrt 'A' 10rad / s
10
A B 10
100 8
( P )wrt 'B' 5 rad / s
20
4 m/s
Calculation of A/B When A and B Both are →
r B/A
Moving A B 2 m/s
2m
Relative angular velocity of a particle ‘A’ with respect
to the other particle ‘B’ is the angular velocity of the → 4
B/A = = 2(ACW) = 2kˆ
position vector of ‘A’ with respect to ‘B’. Which means 2

SKC
that it is the rate at which position vector of ‘A’ with
respect to ‘B’ rotates at that instant.

q1
VA * for
A B/A
VA sin q1 → Sabse pehle dono particle Ko ek line se jor do.
VB
ar
r → Dono vel. Ko, line Ki taraf aur line K ⊥ tod lo.
V q2 → Kisi ek particle ke uper jake beth jao [relative]
B si
n
q → Ghumane wali vel. / r [divide] kro.
2 B

118 Physics P
W
 Q. Find B/A A
A1
(a) s
10 m/s m/ A2
10
A3
37° 53°
A B

r = 5m O
C3
Sol. s B3 C2 C1
6 10 m/s m/ 8 B2
10
C
37° 53° B B1
A B
8 6
r = 5m Velocity of A is v along AB. The velocity of B is
along BC. Hence rate of decrease of separation
2
3v
= v + v cos 60° = = constant
14 B 2
A
Time taken to reduce the separation from  to
B/A = 2/5 (ACW)
zero.
(b) Find B/A
 2
V t
3v 3v
2
60°
A B
V Relative Angular Velocity
r
Angular velocity is defined with respect to the point
Sol. 3
V V sin 60 V from which the position vector of the moving particle
2
is drawn. Here angular velocity of the particle w.r.t.
60°
A B ‘O’ and ‘A’ will be different.
V V cos60° = v/2
r P'

V 3 /2
B/A =
r
a P
Q. Three particles A, B and C are situated at the A
O Ref line
vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side
 at t = 0. Each of the particles moves with
constant speed v. A always has its velocity along
AB, B along BC and C along CA. At what time will
the particles meet each other? da
PO
(say);
dt
Sol. Roughly motion of the particles will be like as
shown in fig. and by symmetry they will meet at d a
PA

dt 2 2
the centroid.
119
Circular Motion
 Normal Acceleration
NORMAL ACCELERATION AND
0 Component of acceleration perpendicular to the
TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION velocity.
0 It is responsible to change the direction of
velocity.
Suppose a particle is moving in a random curved path
at = a cos q
with variable speed then
q n
Component of acceleration towards the velocity aN = a sin q
→
is called tangential acceleration and component a
acceleration perpendicular to the velocity is called 0 Normal acceleration = aN = a sin q
  
normal acceleration. 0 aN a at (very important)

SKC

# काम का डब्बा 0 Agar particle kisi curve par chal rha ho to, uski
vel. Ki dirn nikalne ke liye us curve per tangent
Tangential Acceleration Khicho.
at = a cos q 0 Agar speed const. hai to tangential acc. O hoga,
chaye Kesa bhi motion ho [1D, 2D, 3D]
q n
aN = a sin q 0 Agar speed badli to tangential acc hai. Agar dirn
→ badli matlb normal acc. hai
a
→
0 Component of a along vel. = acosq Q. If a particle is moving such that it's acceleration
velocity is given by
= at = Tangential Acceleration 
a = 4iˆ 3jˆ
 

0 at = a cos q =
a v
(Magnitude) v = ˆi + ˆ
j Find at and aN
v
 
 a v (4iˆ 3j)i
ˆ ˆ+ˆ
j (iˆ + ˆ
j) ˆi + ˆ
j
0 In vector form Sol. at vˆ .
v 2 2 2
 
 a v
at = acosqvˆ = vˆ ˆi + ˆ
v    j 7iˆ 7jˆ
aN a at (4iˆ 3j)
ˆ
2 2
0 It is responsible to change the magnitude
→
of v
HkkbZ vkxs c<+us ls igys rq>s ;g promise djuk iM+sxk dh vxj
Rate of change of rqEgs velocity, acc vector form es fn, x, rks formula
d(speed)
at speed is tangential es value put djosQ at vkSj aN fudky yksxsA vxj ;g¡k vPNs
dt
acceleration. ls practice ugh dh rks irk gS uk exam es D;k gksxkA
→ →
0 If at is in the direction xn of v ⇒ speed up
→ →
0 If at is in the opp. direction of v ⇒ speed down.
0 If speed is constant ⇒ at = 0
Bhoooolaaaa...

120 Physics P
W
 Q. A particle is projected with velocity 100 m/s OR
at an angle 53° with horizontal as shown in fig.
  t = 2 sec
Find at & aN at t = 2 sec.
y 45°

45
45° 45°

in
V,

N
a
at

gs
20 gc a=g
/s os

=
a=g 45

N
m

a
0 °
10
80 53° 10
x at = g cos 45° = m / s2
60 2

Sol. t = 2, v 60iˆ + 60jˆ
rks pyks vc 'kq: djrs gS Circular motion....

a 10jˆ ;gh gS uk... ftl osQ fy, i<+ jgs FksA ge igys
  gh cksys ns jgs gS fd ;s lcls important
 a .v
at = .vˆ chapter gS tks WPE, COM, Rotation,
v Fluid, Electrostatic, Magnetism
600 60iˆ + 60jˆ etc. lHkh txg use gksxkA
=
60 2 60 2
  
aN a at
Now you can solve. CIRCULAR MOTION

Q. If V = 3t2ˆi + 4tjˆ at t = 1 sec find at & aN.
  0 When a particle moves in a plane such that its
Sol. v 3t2ˆi + 4tjˆ , t 1, v 3iˆ + 4jˆ distance from a fixed (or moving) point remains
  constant then its motion is called as circular motion
a 6tiˆ + 4jˆ , t 1, a 6iˆ + 4jˆ
with respect to that fixed point. That fixed point
 (18 + 16)vˆ 34 3iˆ + 4jˆ is called centre and the distance is called radius
at = = of circular path.
5 5 5
→
0 Direction of is given by right hand thumb rule.
   3i 4jˆ
aN a at = 6iˆ + 4jˆ 34 / 5 +
5 5

Now you can solve

Q. Find tangential acc. at t = 2 sec.
t=0
20 m/s ACW (Sense) CW (Sense)
→ ^ ^
direction of = k, direction of = , - k,
t=2
20 ⊥r outward ⊥r inwards
500 m
20 0 q → angular displacement For a complete revolution
angular disp. is 2p but disp. = 0
dq d
0 ,a
→ dt dt
Sol. v = 20^i - 20^j Vd
t
→
a = - 10^j dq
 
 a.v 0 + 200 20iˆ 20jˆ
at = vˆ = × 5iˆ 5jˆ
v 20 2 20 2

121
Circular Motion
 HkkbZ q, , a osQ chp fcyoqQy ogh relation gS tks kinematics
Uniform Circular Motion
es x, v, a osQ chp gqvk djrk Fkk.....
0 Motion of a particle along the circumference HkkbZ :d igys bUgs
x q
of a circle with a constant speed is called detail es vPNs ls
dx dq
uniform circular motion. v= = digest dj
dt dt
0 AngularSpeed, ( ), constant dv d
a= a=
0 at = 0, a = 0 dt dt
0 It is an accelerated motion because direction → →
0 v , a ⇒ Same sign (speed up)
of velocity vector keeps on changing. → →
0 , a ⇒ Same sign (speed up)
0 The position vector and velocity vector keep
on changing, though their magnitudes remain Linear Kinematics Circular Motion
constant. Kinematics
0 The acceleration of the particle points always
dx dq
towards center at each point on its path. Which v
is normal acc. or centripetal acc. Whose value dt dt
2
is v /r, or r
2
  
dv  d
a a
0 r v
→ →
0
→ →
0 v a 0 dt dt

v (x-t) ⇒ slope ⇒ vel. (q-t) ⇒ slope ⇒

0 (magnitude)
R (v-t) ⇒ slope ⇒ acc. ( -t) ⇒ slope ⇒ a
→ → → (a-t) ⇒ area ⇒ change in (a-t) ⇒ area ⇒
0 v=R v= ×r
velocity
0 For 1 complete revolution (v-t) ⇒ area ⇒ disp. ( -t) ⇒ area ⇒ dq
Speed = Dist./time = 2pR/T = R
diff diff
= 2p/T x v a

Integrate Integrate

Non-Uniform Circular Motion If a → const. If a → const

Non-uniform circular motion v = u + at s→q = i + at

2
If the speed of the particle moving in a circle is S = ut + 1/2 at a→a q= it + 1/2 at2
v2 = u2 + 2as 2 2
not constant, the acceleration has both the radial v→ = i + 2aq
and the tangential components.
Examples of non uniform circular motion
A merry-go-round spinning up from rest to full CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
speed, or a ball whirling around in a vertical circle.
(NORMAL ACC.)
In non-uniform circular motion

Speed | v | ≠ constant Component of acc. ⊥r to the vel. If at any instant
angular velocity ≠ constant speed of particle performing circular motion is v then
If at any instant
Centripetal acc. (ac)
v
v = magnitude of velocity of particle
2
v 90°
= angular velocity of particle, = (toward centre)
R
then, at that instant v = r ac
where r = radius of circular path

122 Physics P
W
 Q. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius t3
4 m with speed 10 m/s in clockwise sense in x-y Sol. q
6 V
plane. Find , at, ac
dq 3t 2 2
t anet
V q at
Sol. = V dt 6 2
R ac ac ac
→ ^ 0 2t
= 10/4 or = -2.5 k , a t
2
at = 0 ac V
t 2, 2, a 2 ac
at = Ra ⇒ a = 0 V tanq =
at = Ra at
V 2 100
ac = = = 25 (towards centre) at = 4
R 4
2
ac = R = 2 × 4 = 8 m/s2

Next ques. is very important ques. anet 42 + 82

vPNs ls ,d&,d pht fudkyuk lh[k ysukA
v=R
Q. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius t2 4
2 m such that is speed changes as v = 2t2. Find v R 2 4
2 2
a at, ac at t = 2s and angle made by anet with
velocity at t = 2s. Q. A particle travels in a circle of radius 20 cm at
a speed that uniformly increases. If the speed
d V
Sol. at = (speed ) = 4t changes from 5 m/s to 6 m/s in 2 s, find the
dt ac ac
0 angular acceleration.
at t = 2 ⇒ v = 2 × 4 = 8 m/s
ac V
Sol. The tangential acceleration is given by
V 8
= 4 rad/s v2 v1
R 2 dv
V at
dt t2 t1
v2 82 V
ac = = = 32 m/s2 anet
R 2 6.0 5.0
q at m / s2 0.5 m / s2
anet resultant of at & ac 2
ac
The angular acceleration is a at / r
= at2 + ac2 2
= 8 + 32 2
0.5 m / s2
2.5 rad / s2
ac 32 20 cm
tanq 4
at 8 Q. A particle is moving in a circular path with

SKC
2
velocity varying with time as v = 1.5t + 2t. If
the radius of circular path is 2 cm, the angular
acceleration at t = 2 sec will be
Sol. Given v = 1.5 t2 + 2t
Agar particle circular motion Kar raha hai to a
hoga hi hoga. Aur uski speed badal rehi hae to at dv
Tangential acceleration at = = 3t + 2
→ dt
hoga hi hoga. If speed up ⇒ at ⇒ v की side If
→ Now angular acceleration at time t:
speed down ⇒ at ⇒ v ke opposite side. Jab bhi
Kabhi circular motion me acceleration puchega at 3t + 2
a= ⇒a= 2
matlab net acc. puch rha h. r 2 10
Angular acceleration at t = 2 sec
Q. A particle is rotating in a circular path of radius
3 2+2 8
2 m such that angle rotated by (radius vector) (a)at t = 2sec = = × 102 = 4 × 102
is given as q = t3/6. 2 10 2 2
2
Find , a, at, ac, anet, v at t = 2 sec. = 400 rad/sec

123
Circular Motion
 Q. The shaft of an electric motor starts from rest
and on the application of a torque, it gains an UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM
2
angular acceleration given by a = 3t – t during CIRCULAR MOTION
the first 2 seconds after it starts after which
a = 0. The angular velocity after 6 sec will be
Sol. Given a = 3t – t2 Uniform Circular Non-uniform Circular
d Motion Motion
⇒ = 3t – t2 ⇒ d = (3t – t2)dt
dt Speed → const. Speed → change up
3t2 t3 (speed or down)
⇒ = + c
2 3 → const. → change
at t = 0, = 0 at ≠ 0, a ≠ 0
3t2 t3 anet at2 + aC2
\c=0⇒ =
2 3
Angular velocity at t = 2 sec, V2 2 anet at2 + ac2
anet ac R
3 8 10 R
t = 2 sec
(4) = = rad/sec
2 3 3
Since there is no angular acceleration after
2 sec DYNAMICS OF CIRCULAR
\ The angular velocity after 2 sec remains the
same.
MOTION
Q. Two particles A and B move anticlockwise with

SKC
the same speed v in a circle of radius R and
are diametrically opposite to each other. At
t = 0, A is imparted a tangential acceleration of
72v2
constant magnitude at = . Calculate the
25pR
vc tks article ge i<+us tk jgs gS cgqr gh interesting
time in which A collides with B, the angle traced
by A during this time, its angular velocity and gS vc rd geus ns[kk dksbZ particle vxj circular motion
radial acceleration of A at the time of collision. dj jgk gS rks mlosQ ikl ac gksrk gS rks HkkbZ ;s ac ,sls FkksM+s
72v2 gh vius vki iSnk gks tk,xk..... vcs dksbZ rks force particle
Sol. rel) = 0, qrel = p, arel =
25 pR2 ij yx jgs gksaxs ftUgksus ac centripetal acc. fn;k gS some
1 of all these forces towards the centre is called
2
qrel = rel) t+ a t centripetal force.
2 rel
2
1 72v 5pR
p=0+ 2
t ⇒t= Centripetal Force
2 25 pR 2 6v
V2 2 (toward the centre)
1 ac = =R
Angle traced by A, q 0
t + at2 R
2
2 mv2 2
v 5pR 1 72v
2
5pR Centripetal force = mac = = mR
q= . + . R
R 6v 2 25 pR2 6v
5p 11 Centripetal force yxus okyk force ugh gS So, block
= +p= p
6 6 ij centripetal force centre dh rjiQ yxrk gS tSls x/ks
2
v 72v 5pR
Angular velocity = 0+at= + . okys sentence use er djuk...... just
R 25 pR2 6v
say centripetal force is the vector
v 12v 17v
= + = sum of all the forces towards
R 5R 5R
the centre acting on the particle
2
2 17v 289 v2 performing circular motion.
ac = R= R=
5R 25R
124 Physics P
W
 V
ac
m
Fc vjs ;g¡k V rks irk gh
ugh gS rks tension
Q. A particle is moving on a smooth horizontal floor oSQls fudycs djs
in a circular path with const. speed v, as shown
in diagram find Tension V
Sol. mg = ⊥r inside
r
o T
N = ⊥ outside ac
mv2
T = mac =
R
(Towards centre)
W o r k
Q. A particle is moving on a smooth horizontal floor
in a circular path with const. speed v, as shown
energy
in digram. If natural length of spring is lo find theorem
elongation in spring.
V
ac
mv2 mv2
Sol. Kx
R lo + x

SKC
x : elongation

R = lo + x
Q. A particle is performing circular motion in
vertical plane such that its vel. at lowest point
is v. Find tension at lowest point. HkkbZ circular motion 12th rd rsjs cgqr dke vk,xk blfy,
uhps 4 Saleemians Khopcha Concept fy[k jgk gq¡ buls
mv2
Sol. T mg m ac ac rqEgkjh lkjh problem solve gks tk,xhA
r T
1. lcls igys ;g ns[kks dh centre dg¡k gSA
at = 0 V
2. Partical dh FBD cukvksA
mg 3. lkjs forces dks centre dh rjiQ vkSj
Q. A particle is released when string is horizontal mlosQ perpendicular rksM+yksA
as shown in fig. Find tension when string makes
4. Centre dh rjiQ okys force dk sum
angle q with verticle and having speed V.
mv2/r ;k mr 2 osQ cjkcj djnks
m
drop cl bUgs vPNs ls apply djuk lh[k ysuk blosQ
q fy, cgqr lkjs ques. add dj jgk g¡qA
a
T Conical Pendulum
nq mg
si co
mg V sq Q. Particle is performing circular motion in
mg horizontal circle with constant angular speed
as shown in fig.
mv2 q → Const., length of string → l
Sol. T - mg cos q
R Sol. T cosq = mg
mv2
;g cgqr cM+k cs'keZ
or T mgcos q + mv2 2 ques gS JEE MAINS
R T sinq mR
R es rks ;g cgqr ckj vk
mg sinq = mat
l sin q = R pqdk gSA
at = g sinq
125
Circular Motion
 T cos q
(const)
q l q l q
T q l
m
A m A T sinq
A m
R mg Fixed platform

Q. In following fig. particle m is moving in Sol.

circular motion. Find tension in both the string (const)
(massless).
q T cos q
l
(const) N
A
q T q
l
A m
Fixed platform T sin q mg
B m
T cosq + N = mg
2
l T sin q = mr

C r = l sinq
Solve and get N = 5 newton
(b) In above ques. find max at which particle
Sol. does not loose contact with platform. Find
T in string at that condition.
A
Sol. T cos q + N = mg vcs oqQN ugh
q l ac T1 cosq
T1 q T cosq = mg [N = 0] djuk cl circular
T1 sinq
m 2 motion dh eqn
B T sin q = mr
T2 sinq N = 0 put djnks
q T2 cosq
T2 Solve and get
q l
mg
C g tan q / r
mg

T1 cosq = mg + T2 cos q vki ;s fl[kks dh

Q. Particle is moving with const. speed on the
2 circular motion dh
T1 sinq + T2 sinq = mr smooth frictionless surface (cone) as shown in
eqn oSQls fy[k jgs gS
r= l sinq fig in a circular path of radius R. find Normal
ques okyk dksbZ Hkh
force on particle?
Now you can solve physical quantity
iwN ldrk gS It's just Sol. N cosq = mg cone m = 0 N cos q
above eqn.
maths 2
mv N q
N sin q
Q. In following fig. a circular platform is rotating R N sinq
with constant on smooth horizontal surface, Now you can solve
on the platform a ball is attached to the axis of R mg
platform by a thin rod of length l.
(a) Find normal force exerted by ball on the q q
platform. (q = 60°, = 10 rad/s, l = 10 cm)
126 Physics P
W
 Sol. T cosq = mg
ns[k jgk gS Binod.... oSQls ,d conical pendulum osQ 2
concept dk use 5-6 lokyks es fd;k tk jgk gS T sin q + N = mR
2
= m(l sinq) (l: length of string)
Q. A motor cyclist is driving in a horizontal circle on
the inner surface of vertical cylinder of radius
R. Find out the minimum velocity for which the
motorcyclist can do this. (Death Well)

mv2 f
Sol. N mv2
R N
R
f = mg
mg
mmv2
fmax
Q. Hemisphere bowl is rotating with const as R
shown in figure such that particle is at rest wrt Cyclist does not drop down when
bowl. (िचपकर धूम रहा है) mmv2
fmax ≥ mg ⇒ ≥ mg
Find normal (N) force on particle. R

gR
v≥
m
q
R Q. Particle moving an a curved path an shown in
m m=0
r vertical plane. Assume particle do not lose
mg
contact. Write the circular motion eqn when
Sol. Replica of conical Pendulum. particle is at point A and B.
NA
N cos q = mg
O
2
N sin q = mr q
A V1
m=0 N
R sin q = r A
m
R → Radius of hemisphere mg O2
mg
r → Radius of circle R1
R2
Solve and get O1
NB
N = mR 2 V2
B
Q. Cylinder is rotating with const . Particle is at
rest wrt cylinder. Write the releavent circular mg
Sol.
motion eqn
mV12 mV22
mg NA ; NB mg =
R1 R2
NB > NA
q T l T cosq
q
m Q. System is on the frictionless Horizontal floor,
A T sinq N both masses are moving in a circular path with
mg same . Find Tension in String.

l1 l2
R m
T1 m T2 T2

127
Circular Motion
Sol. T1 m T2 at = 0
T2
a m mg → Inside
f
N → outside
T1 - T2 = ml1 2
(for first mass) Top view
2
fs = mr
2
T2 = m(l1 + l2) (for second mass)
Q. Find max so that block does not slip

Suppose a disk is rotating on a horizontal oor OR

with then velocity of different points in Find max so there block remains at rest wrt
following diagram will be disc

0 2p
T
A B VA = x m
r
x VB = R
VB
Sol. mg → Inside
0 C
VD = R VC = R N → Outside
at = 0
D B fs = mr
2

VB = R
VA = R (fs)max = msmg
A

0 Speed up ms g
[ , a → CW] max
r
,a
Q. Suppose in above ques, disk start rotating from
R 2 = V2/R
rest having constant angular acc a find when
at = Ra
block will slip if cofficient of friction is m.
V=R
Sol. fnet = manet

a 2
Q. Table of radius r0 is rotating about an axis ⊥r ac = r
fnet m ac2 + at2
to the plane of table and passing through centre
at = ra ac = r 2 at = ra
of table. If angular vel of table is const, A
mass 'm' is placed at a distance 'r' from centre When block is
just about to anet ac2 + at2
of table such that mass remains at rest wrt
slip. At this time
table, find friction force acting on block.
= 0 + at = at
Sol.
N f = fmax = msmg
ms, mk
O f ms mg m (r 2 2
) + (ra)2
m
r side view
ms mg m (ra2 t2 )2 + (ra)2
mg
Now you can find t by puting value of ms, a, r, t
128 Physics P
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 (ii) If friction is present

vcs value put djosQ bruk rks solve dj

Vmax Rg tan(q + )
yksxs uk ;g¡k ;s important gS dh friction
dk ,d component at ns jgk gS vkSj nqljk Angle of Banking
Vmin Rg tan(q ) q
component required centripetal force.
where ms = tan Angle of friction
Q. Find the max speed that a vehicle (bicycle)
can possess moving in a circle with const speed Calculation for Vmax:
v such that surface is horizontal & coff. of
N cosq = mg + fsinq
friction is m.

Sol. N
mv2 q
N cosq
f v
R N sinq
max max
2
f q f cosq
mVmax f mg
mN
R q f sinq

2
mVmax
mg → अंदर
mmg mg
R N → बाहर
mv2
Vmax mgR N sin q + fcos q
R

for Vmax = (fs)max = msN

Banking of Road
Solve and get

Vmax Rg tan(q + )

Calculation for Vmin:

Just Replace f to -f in Vmax.

Vmin Rg tan(q )
f sinq
N f

(i) Frictionless q
f cosq
N cosq
N
N cosq = mg q
q
mv2
N sin q N sinq mg
R

V2 q Q. Suppose in above article we have R = 20m,

tan q
Rg mg
ms = 1 / 3 , q = 45°.

V Rg tan q (a) Find max/min possible speed for which car

turn safely
129
Circular Motion
Sol. Vmax Rg tan(q + ) 20 10 tan(45 + 30) v2 v2
0 an ⇒R = ROC
R an
Vmin Rg tan(q ) 200 tan(45 30 ) v2
0 ROC = R
a⊥
(b) At what velocity friction is not required to
turns safely. HkkbZ oqQN ugh djuk cl lcls igys normal acc fudky yks
vkSj v2/an djnks ;gh ROC gS vkSj vxj y = f(x) given
Sol. V Rg tan q 200 tan 45 200
gS means particle moves in a trajectory given by
y = f(x) then ROC at any point (x, y) of the
trajectory is given by
3/2
2
dy
1+
# काम का डब्बा dx
R=
ns[k HkkbZ JEE MAINS osQ fy, ;s 4 formula cgqr dke d2 y
osQ gS exam ls igys bUgs t:j i<+osQ tkukA dx2

0 Vmax mgR (Max speed on horizontal plane Q. A stone is projected with speed u and angle of
projection is q.
for safely turn of a bicycle)
(a) Find radius of curvature at t = 0.
0 V Rg tan q (banking of road when m = 0) (b) Find ROC at highest point.

0 Banking of road when friction is present Sol. (a) At t = 0

a⊥ = g cos q,
Vmax Rg tan(q + )
v2 u2
R= =
Vmin Rg tan(q ) tanq = ms = tan a⊥ gcos q

(b) At highest point vp = u cos q and a⊥ or an = g

u2cos2 q
Radius of Curvature (ROC) Hence ROC at 'P'
g
Any curved path can be assume to be made of y
infinite circular arcs. ROC at a point is defined as
the radius of that circular arc which fits at that P
u v ucos q
P
particular point on the curve.

a⊥ = g
q
O x
q
g a⊥ = gcosq
(a) (b)

130 Physics P
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