GRAMMATICAL RANGE AND ACCURACY / LEXICAL RESOURCE

- Dùng đúng thì chưa? => normally (quá khứ)

- Subject-verb agreement chưa? (It has hay It have ?)
- Danh từ đếm được / không đếm được / dạng số nhiều (plural form) (a lot of
people hay a lot of person)
=> the number of + N_countable
=> the amount of + N_uncountable
=> the quantity of + N_countable / uncountable
- Verb-noun pairing (make the bed or do the bed?) => pay a visit to
- Punctuation (dấu câu) => while SV1, SV2 / SV1, while SV2
In recent years, there has been an ongoing trend towards …

- Đa dạng ngữ pháp chưa (simple + complex structures (although, though,

despite, while, whereas), đơn + hoàn thành, mđqh (which) - rút gọn mđqh)
- Dynamic Chart (mốc thời gian thay đổi liên tục, 2 mốc thời gian trở lên)
- Static Chart (mốc thời gian đứng yên, chỉ có 1 mốc thời gian được khảo sát)
Be positively soluble = be far from insoluble (không thể không giải quyết được = có
thể giải quyết được)

2, Word form (task 2)

Eg: To be + adj = to be + of + N
Original: His acting skills are truly exceptional.
Paraphrased: His acting abilities are of great exceptionality.

Important => of great/paramount importance

=> The conservation of wild animals is of paramount importance.

Time in the professional environments is really essential

=> Time in the professional environment is of (great) essence.
3, Definition => wordy
Eg: Carpenters => individuals skilled in woodworking (professionally)
Eg: Footballers => individuals playing football professionally

4, Generalization
(1) Hockey/Volleyball/Football (sentence 1)
(2) This sport/This type of sport (sentence 2) / These sports …
In 2000, the Republic of Korea started the period with 250000 cars produced. Then,
the car production of this country increased to …
Substitution => this/these => GR / CC

5, Specification: làm rõ
Student
Student < 10: children
Student > 15: teenagers
17: senior high school students
>18: university students

6, Depend on the given context = understand the context

Eg: More and more young people decide to work remotely.
The idea of … is becoming increasingly popular among …
=> The idea/concept of working from home is becoming increasingly popular / is
gaining more traction/popularity among young people.

Hoặc: Sử dụng: Trend/ Development/ Tendency

Áp dụng: More and more young people decide to pursue remote work opportunities
=> There is an ongoing trend/growing tendency towards + N / sb + Ving
=> There is an ongoing trend towards young people deciding to work from home.
=> The table illustrates the number of visitors to six different / distinct World Heritage
places / regions / areas in Australia every two years from 1996 to 2000 // in/across
three separate years: 1996, 1998, and 2000.

A and B
A, B, and C

SỐ LIỆU CỤ THỂ => how many + SV => tăng GR (không dùng %)

=> The table illustrates how many people (s) paid a visit to / traveled to / visited (v)
six different World Heritage regions in Australia every two years from 1996 to 2000.

Visit (n) to => pay a visit to …

Visit (v) + N
Access (v) + N
Access (n) to => get access to …

CẢ SỐ LẪN % => how + SV (varied: thay đổi)

=> The table illustrates how the number of visitors to six different World Heritage
regions in Australia varied every two years from 1996 to 2000.

How / where + SV
Which / who + V

- Xác định MEASUREMENT:

+ Số liệu cụ thể: the number of + N_countable / N số nhiều
+ (the quantity of + danh từ vô tri vô giác, không dùng với danh từ chỉ người
=> the quantity/number of oil barrels)
+ %: the percentage / the proportion of (rate / share)
Rate => số / %
The number of football players is 50.
The participation rate of football is 50 (players).
(rice / butter / chocolate / oil / water / sugar / salt) => không đi với number
the amount of milk produced / the production of milk
=> the volume / output / yield of … (sản lương)
The table illustrates how the annual milk production in / across four different
countries varied in three separate years: …
The consumption/intake of …
The amount of The production of milk

=> Overall / In general, …

=> Overall, the number of visitors to the Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains,
Tasmania Wilderness, and Shark Bay increased over the given period / throughout
the given time frame, while Central Eastern Rainforest Reserve and Macquarie
Island witnessed a decrease in their numbers / rates. Notably/Remarkably (đáng
chú ý), the Great Barrier Reef consistently had / registered by far the highest
number of (luôn có chỉ số cao nhất) tourists and saw the most significant change /
saw the most pronounced growth among the six surveyed sites. (G liên tục cao
nhất mà còn bỏ xa các chủ thể còn lại)

Pronounced (a) = significant (a): rõ rệt

Case: mỗi chủ thể có 1 mức độ tăng / giảm riêng => V/N chỉ xu hướng + by
varying degrees / to varying extents (với mức độ khác nhau) (over the given
period/throughout the given time frame)
- ORDER (highest): G => understand the context (adj fit với ngữ cảnh):
popular / prevalent / common (a) => địa điểm / công việc / lý do
=> Overall, the number of visitors to the Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains,
Tasmania Wilderness, and Shark Bay increased by varying degrees over the given
period / throughout the given time frame, while Central Eastern Rainforest Reserve
and Macquarie Island witnessed a slight decrease in their numbers / rates.
Notably/Remarkably, the Great Barrier Reef consistently remained by far the most
popular(luôn luôn là phổ biến nhất) tourist destination and saw the most significant
change / saw the most pronounced growth in its rate among the six surveyed sites.

Overall, the Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains, Tasmania Wilderness and Shark
Bay saw a surge (tăng mạnh) in their tourist numbers over the period shown, while
the number of tourists to the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserve and Macquarie
Island plunged (giảm mạnh). Notably, the Great Barrier Reef had the highest visitor
counts over the surveyed period. (6 TA) => chú ý nuance của từ

Nuance (sắc thái

Surge = considerably increase
Plunge = sharply decrease

=> Notably, illness consistently remained by far the most popular reason (luôn
luôn là lý do phổ biến nhất) for work absence.

Cùng xu hướng / đối xu hướng

BODY 1: G, B, T (cùng xu hướng tăng - năm nào cũng

tăng)
Cách 1: nêu tên đơn thuần (các chủ thể không cùng xu hướng): Looking first
at / Regarding / In terms of / Concerning …, SV.
=> Looking first at the Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains, and Tasmania

Wilderness, …

Cách 2: topic sentence (các chủ thể có cùng xu hướng)

The Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains, and Tasmania Wilderness saw their
visitor numbers / rates / count increase over the given period. (see O V_inf)

- In + năm / Initially / At the beginning / start / outset of the period,

- had / welcomed / attracted / drew / held the highest number of......
This figure / its + N count (increased significantly) / surged TO....
 followed by / prior to (theo sau bởi)
respectively / in that order.(lần lượt là)
- This represents a nearly / an almost two fold increase compared with
the year + QUÁ KHỨ
- The figure of the year + HIỆN TẠI nearly / almost doubled (v) that of the
year + QUÁ KHỨ
Similarly / Likewise, B và T cũng tăng …also experienced an upward
trend, but / though / albeit (MẶC DÙ) to a lesser extent (mặc dù ở mức
độ thấp hơn). / …, but at a slower pace. //
- A similar upward trajectory (một quỹ đạo tăng tương tự), albeit to a
lesser extent, was witnessed (đã được chứng kiến) in the numbers of
- topped(đứng đầu) / dominated(thống trị) / led the chart with (dẫn đầu
bảng xếp hạng) the highest number of

(CHUYỂN ĐOẠN)
Moving on to / Shifting our focus to the remaining regions, SV + saw a gradual /
steady / moderate / progressive drop / fall (n) of
Comment rank - cao nhất / cao nhì / thấp nhất // đổi rank
- Due to / Owing to N, SV => đổi rank
- Despite / Notwithstanding N, SV => giữ nguyên về rank (mặc dù giảm =>
vẫn xếp vị trí cao // mặc dù tăng => vẫn xếp vị trí thấp)
Despite (this drop), S + remained in second position / ranked second in terms
of.... over the given period
Notwithstanding + (this drop), the popularity / prevalence of + S + maintained its
second place
Remain in / maintain + position / place (bỏ mạo từ the)
Rank first / second / third (bỏ mạo từ the)
followed by a pullback (=reduction: kéo về) (tăng lên -> giảm
xuống)
(S) The number of travelers to Shark Bay rose to 102000 in 1998, up from 84000 in
1996, followed by a pullback (=reduction: kéo về) to nearly its initial level at 89000 in
2000. (tăng lên -> giảm xuống)
recovering / rebounding (tăng trở lại)

(M) Finally, the figure for Macquarie Island decreased from 350 in 1996 to 310 in
1998 before recovering / rebounding (tăng trở lại) to 330 in 2000.
was the lowest/was truly marginal/was negligible (không đáng kể), hovering
around (xoay quanh)
EX: Finally, the figure for Macquarie Island was the lowest/was truly marginal/was
negligible (không đáng kể), hovering around 330 in all the surveyed years.

Cách 1: Initially, the number of + S.....rise/increase/grow... before ending up

at / settling at + số liệu + IN + YEAR
Cách 2: The number of + S....rise/increase/grow..., up from / from a starting
point of + số liệu + năm before dropping to / falling back to / returning
to/following by pullback to
HÌNH THÀNH CÂU NỐI (linking sentences - 1-2 câu)
Khi viết bài các câu văn trong bài phải có sự liên kết
Case 1: A tăng B tăng C giảm D giảm
+ body 1: A và B tăng (cùng xu hướng tăng)
A increased from … to … A (mạo từ) similar increasing/upward/ascending trend
was witnessed in B. B rose … (nối mượt hơn, có yếu tố so sánh)
+ body 2: C và D giảm (cùng xu hướng giảm)
C … Likewise, D also saw a decreasing trend. D …

Case 2: A tăng B tăng C tăng D giảm

+ body 1: A tăng mạnh B tăng nhẹ (cùng xu hướng / khác mức độ)
A … B also experienced an upward trend, but/though/albeit to a lesser extent /
but at a slower pace. B …
 + body 2: C tăng D giảm (đối xu hướng)
C … D exhibited an opposite/reverse trend, decreasing from … to …
=> Connectors among groups:
- A similar trend >< an opposite trend/a reverse trend was witnessed in …
- Subject + exhibited/registered/saw/witnessed/experienced a similar trend ><
an opposite trend/reverse trend
LINKING WORDS
- Conversely/In contrast/By contrast, S V >< Similarly/Likewise, S V
A increased ... Conversely/In contrast/By contrast, B decreased from … to …
A increased .... Similarly/Likewise, B increased from … to …
On the contrary => nối 2 opposing views với nhau => Task 2
- The change in/of … mirrored/contrasted with that in/of …
A tăng mạnh B tăng mạnh (cùng xu hướng, cùng mức độ) => A … The change
of B mirrored (v: sao chép) that of A. B …
A tăng B giảm => The change of B contrasted with that of A
- Cặp từ the former - the latter (refer lại đằng trước) => 01 lần
Regarding the population of the Philippines and China, the former (the population
of the Philippines) …, while the latter (China) …
SV1, after which SV2
=> The number of A stood at 500 at the outset, after which it increased to 1000.
=> The Great Barrier Reef witnessed an increase in its number …
=> The year 1998 saw an increase in the number of …
=> A and B witnessed an increase in their number of visitors … (sau nhìn lại trước)
=> reach a peak (n) of => reach its peak of …
A increased and reached its peak of …
=> peak (v) at => A increased and peaked at …
Cấu trúc:....by varying degrees over the given period, except for/with the
exception of (NGOẠI TRỪ) air travel, which experienced a gradual decline.

Nếu tất cả các chủ thể tăng, duy nhất 01 chủ thể giảm hoặc ngược lại =>

Cấu trúc: the production (rates) of all the surveyed (chứa all)..., with the
exception of / except for / LEAVING ASIDE + N (a marked decline) in the figure for

=> Overall, the production (rates) of all the surveyed types of energy increased to
varying extents during the given period, leaving aside a marked decline in the figure for
petrol.

=> A was higher than B => A exceeded / surpassed / outpaced / overtook B

=> A far surpassed B: vượt qua rất nhiều (cao hơn rất nhiều)
=> A slightly surpassed B (cao hơn một chút)