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Reproduction System: ASIM ABDUL MAJID (11160161000032) AFRIANI AFIDAH (1116016100054)

This document summarizes the reproductive systems of various animal species. It begins by discussing the evolution of self-reproducing cells and early life forms. It then describes three main types of animal reproduction: asexual reproduction through budding or fission, parthenogenesis, and sexual reproduction. Physiological classifications of sexual reproduction include oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous animals. The document proceeds to detail the anatomy and functions of male and female reproductive systems and hormones in mammals. Key topics covered include gamete formation, the estrous and menstrual cycles, fertilization, embryonic development, placenta formation, initiation of birth, and lactation.

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Afriani Afidah
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83 views37 pages

Reproduction System: ASIM ABDUL MAJID (11160161000032) AFRIANI AFIDAH (1116016100054)

This document summarizes the reproductive systems of various animal species. It begins by discussing the evolution of self-reproducing cells and early life forms. It then describes three main types of animal reproduction: asexual reproduction through budding or fission, parthenogenesis, and sexual reproduction. Physiological classifications of sexual reproduction include oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous animals. The document proceeds to detail the anatomy and functions of male and female reproductive systems and hormones in mammals. Key topics covered include gamete formation, the estrous and menstrual cycles, fertilization, embryonic development, placenta formation, initiation of birth, and lactation.

Uploaded by

Afriani Afidah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REPRODUCTION SYSTEM

ASIM ABDUL MAJID (11160161000032)


AFRIANI AFIDAH (1116016100054)

PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMAL
Each species in this world survives in each group
by reproducing with complex genotypes

Understanding of the origin of self reproducing is


highly incomplete, but the progress is continuing.
Craig Venter in 2010, His team synthesized a DNA
molecule and placed it in a bacterialcell. this feat
may yield important insight into the initial
evolution of life.
Animals may reproduce asexually or sexually
Those first cells on Earth, and indeed all extant
prokaryotes, reproduce by mitosis: a cloning
process in which one cell divides to give rise to two
genetically identical cells. Animal reproduction
could be accour in three ways:
1. Budding or fission
2. Parthenogenesis
3. Sexual reproduction
Physiological classification of animal sexual
reproduction uses three categories :
• Oviparous
• Ovoviviparous
• Viviparous
Overview of Male Reproductive
Functions and Organs
Female Reproductive Functions and Organs
Reproductive systems in insects include the
neuroendocrine organs, gonads, and
reproductive tract
Sex differentiation in mammals depends on the
presence or absence of Y chromosome masculinizing
determinants during critical periods of embryonic
development
Phenotypic Sex Phenotypic sex

the apparent anatomic sex of an individual,


depends on the genotypically determined gonadal
sex.
Male Reproductive
Physiology
Anatomy of a spermatozoon (mammal)
Control of testicular function.
Structure of prostaglandins.
Classifi cation of penile structures
Erection reflex in a male mammal.
Complex cycling characterizes female reproductive physiology in
many vertebrates, including estrous cycles in most mammals

there are two separate but coordinated cycles for release of ova
or deposition of eggs is intermittent, and secretion of female sex
hormones displays wide cyclical swings.

1. The ovarian cycle, in which an oocyte matures in the ovary and


is ovulated to travel to the uterus. As the primary female
reproductive organs, ovaries perform the dual function of
producing ova (oogenesis) and secreting the female sex hormones
estrogens and progesterone.
2. The uterine cycle, in which the uterine lining is prepared for a
fertilized egg to implant (primarily due to the ovarian hormones).
Stage Of Oogenesis
Graphic of Hormonal Levels
Control of the LH Surge at Ovulation
Feedback Control during the Luteal Phase
Feedback Control of FSH and Tonic LH
Secretion during the Folicular Phase
Procces of Fertilization (mammal)
Stage of Development from Fertilization to
Implantation
Impalntation of Blastocyst (1)
Impalntation of Blastocyst (2)
Impalntation of Blastocyst (3)
Schematic Representation of Interlocking
Maternal and Fetal Structures that form the
Placenta in a Human
Placental Hormones
Secretion Rates of Human Placental
Hormones
Secretion of Estrogen and Progesterone by
the Human Placenta
Initiation and Progression of Parturition
(mammals)
Cow Mammary Gland or Teat
Suckling Reflexes

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