GENERAL CHEMISTRY II
Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in a Chemical Reaction
• What are colligative
• What are the different colligative
properties? properties?
These are physical changes 1. Vapor Pressure
that result when adding solute 2. Boiling Point Elevation
to a solvent. 3. Freezing Point
Depression
ENERGY CHANGES IN
CHEMICAL REACTION
Endothermic and Exothermic Processes
The student will know: The student will be able
to:
the concept of energy explain the energy
changes during changes during
chemical reaction; chemical reactions
the difference between differentiate exothermic
endothermic and and endothermic
processes
exothermic processes
Scientists have classified everything that exists in the
universe into two broad categories- matter and energy.
The sun is the
primary source of
energy in the
universe.
We depend so much
on energy for mobility,
During lighting, heat. Hence, it is of
Photosynthesis, as Manufacturing, utmost importance
plants grow and cooking, and running
household appliances. to understand the
produce food, solar A steady source of nature of energy
energy is
converted to other
energy is needed to be and its
able to do so many
forms of energy things. transformation.
needed to sustain
life.
• Energy is often equated with vitality and pep. In science, energy has
always been defined as the capacity to do work. Energy maybe
transferred in two ways: to cause motion of an object against force or
to cause a change in temperature.
• What causes the temperature? Heat. Heat is the form of energy that
brings about temperature change when transferred from one body to
another.
What is in the chemical reaction?
What pushes the reactants to produce products?
Changes in matter are usually accompanied by
absorptions or evolution of energy. The energy
change observed is actually a consequence of
breaking and formation of bonds.
Such energy is most commonly observed as heat. If
heat is absorbed during the process the reaction is
endothermic. If the heat is evolved, the change is
exothermic.
SYSTEM AND SURROUNDINGS
In studying energy changes, it is very important to distinguish between system
and surrounding. The portion of the universe singled out for the study called the
system. Everything else outside is referred to as the surrounding.
OTHER EXAMPLES
1. When performing laboratory experiments,
the chemicals constitute the system, while
the surroundings include the container, the
air, and everything outside, and that are
contact with the system.
2. Consider water in a beaker on top of an alcohol
lamp as a system. Upon heating, the system absorbs
heat from the surroundings causing its temperature to
increase. Once the stove is turned off, the system
gives off heat to the surroundings causing its
temperature to decrease.
Endothermic and Exothermic
Processes
ENERGY AND CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
Energy and Chemical Reactions
Chemical Energy – Energy stored in the chemical
bonds of a substance.
Chemical reactions always involve energy changes.
Making bonds and breaking bonds involve energy
changes
ACTIVATION ENERGY
The energy required to break the bonds in the reactants for a chemical reaction
to occur.
Energy of Chemical Reactions
• Based on the type of energy (heat) change
involved, chemical reactions are classified
as either exothermic or endothermic.
– Exothermic: energy is released
• Exo- = “exit”
• Burning of gasoline
– Endothermic: energy is absorbed
• Endo- = “into”
• Cooking of pancakes
ENDOTHERMIC DIAGRAM
Energy
Activation released in
Energy bond making
Energy used in
bond Energy
breaking absorbed
in reaction
Endothermic – more energy is taken in to break the bonds
in the reactants than released by the bonds being formed
in the products. Therefore, energy is absorbed.
ENDOTHERMIC
• Heat (energy) taken in
• Temperature of the substance
drops
• Products feel COLD
reaction
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
• You may see an endothermic reaction written like
this…
REACTANTS + ENERGY PRODUCTS
OR
REACTANTS + HEAT PRODUCTS
EXOTHERMIC DIAGRAM
Activation Energy
Energy used in bond
breaking
Energy
released
in bond
making
Exothermic – More energy is released when the products
where formed than energy was used to break bonds in the
reactants. Therefore, a net release of energy.
EXOTHERMIC
• Heat (energy) given off
• Temperature of the substance
rises
• Products feel HOT
reaction
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
• You may see an exothermic reaction written like
this…
REACTANTS PRODUCTS + ENERGY
OR
REACTANTS PRODUCTS + HEAT
ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
ENDOTHERMIC!
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + Energy
EXOTHERMIC!
ACTIVITY
TIME!
“ WHERE DO I BELONG?”
MECHANICS OF THE GAME
1. Group yourselves into two groups
2. Choose six players
3. For every correct answer and explanation, you will receive five
points.
4. Before answering, player will say DARNA with action.
5. Note: Start with the “ I believe” when explaining.
Direction: Explain and identify whether
the following chemical
reactions belong to
endothermic or exothermic
processes.
Example: Melting of Ice
I believe…..
Endothermic
Cooking of Egg Photosynthesis
Fireworks The baking of bread
A candle flame Burning of gasoline
What is the importance of energy changes in a chemical
reaction?
What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic?
In what way do chemical reactions beneficial and dangerous?
Change is constant. Even the energy changes
its form. The chemicals change its form.
If there is a presence of heat or energy, there
will always a change.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
Genesis 2:15 says “The Lord God took the man and put
him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.”
We recognize that all created things belong to God and
that we are accountable to Him as stewards of the
creation.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
IN ¼ SHEET OF PAPER
Answer the following questions.
1. In an exothermic reaction, what happen to the heat?
2. In an endothermic reaction, what happen to the heat?
3. What type of reaction occurs in melting of ice?
4. Is photosynthesis an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
5. If a chemical reaction is EXOTHERMIC, what would happen to the
temperature?
