Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities
(Autonomous) Amravati
NAAC Re-accredited with ‘A’ grade
Seminar on
Ring and Field Theory with its Applications
Organized by
Department of Mathematics
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Presented by
Rutuja Pradip Thakare
Content: -
• Definition: (a) Group
(b) Abelian group
(c) Ring
(d) Subring
• Field
• Subfield
• Some examples of sub field
• Applications
• Reference
Group: -
Definition: -
Let G be non-empty set, together with algebraic structure ‘*’ is said to
be ‘Group’ if it satisfied a following axioms:
Closure property
a, b G a*b G
Associative property
a, b, c G a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c G
Existence of identity
a G a*e = e*a = a and e G
Existence of inverse
a, b G a*b = b*a = e and e G
Such that b is inverse of a
Example : , etc.
Abelian group: -
Definition: -
Let G be non-empty set, together with algebraic structure ‘*’ is said to
be ‘Abelian Group’ if it satisfied a following axioms:
Closure property
a, b G a*b G
Associative property
a, b, c G a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c G
Existence of identity
a G a*e = e*a = a and e G
Existence of inverse
a, b G a*b = b*a = e and e G
Such that b is inverse of a
Commutative property
a, b G a*b = b*a
Example : , all proper subgroups of Q 8 are abelian group (One of the
subgroups of Q8 is { 1, - 1, i, -i}) etc.
Rings: -
Definition: -
Let R be non-empty set, together with two binary operations ‘+’ and ‘·’
is said to be ‘ring’ if it satisfied a following axioms:
( +) is an abelian group
( ·) is a semi group
Multiplication is distributive over addition
LDL:
RDL:
Example: -
( and (P() ∆ ∩) etc are some examples of ring.
Fields: -
Definition: -
Let F be non-empty set, together with two binary
operation ‘+’ and ‘’ is said to be ‘field’ if following axioms are
satisfied:
is an abelian group.
is an abelian group.
Multiplication is distributive over addition:
LDL:
RDL:
Example: -
1. Set of real numbers, rational numbers, etc are
field but set of integers is not a field.
2. is field, where ‘p’ is prime numbers.
Some examples of field: -
Example: - Verify following is field or not?
Solution: -
(1) Check ( is an abelian group.
(a) Closure property: -
(b) Associative property: -
(c) Existence of identity property: -
is an additive identity
(d) Existence of inverse property: -
such that
is inverse element of
(e) Commutative property: -
From above five condition we say that is an abelian group.
(2) Check is an abelian group.
(a) Closure property: -
(b) Associative property: -
(c) Existence of identity property: -
is an identity element
(d) Existence of inverse property: -
is an inverse element of
(e) Commutative property: -
From above five condition we say that is an abelian group.
(3) Multiplication is distributive over addition: -
Let , , and
Then,
Hence, from all above cases we say is field.
Example: - Verify the following is field or not?
Solution: -
(a) ,+) is an abelian group.
(b) -{0},) is also a abelian group.
(c) Multiplication is distributive over addition
From above we say that is a field.
Subfield: -
Definition: -
A non-empty subset ‘S’ of field ‘F’ is said to ‘subfield’ if ‘S’
forms field under the operations in ‘F’
OR
Let ‘S’ be non-empty subset of field ‘F’ is said to be ‘subfield’ iff
Example: -
is subfield of .
{0,1} is subfield of
Applications: -
Finite fields are increasingly important in several areas of
mathematics are :
• Linear and abstract algebra
• Number theory
• Algebraic geometry
• Computer science
• Statistics
• Information theory
• Engineering, coding theory.
Reference: -
Book 1: - A course in Abstract Algebra
- by Vijay K.
Khanna and S. K. Bhambri
Book 2: -
Complementary Abstract Algebra
- by Joseph A.
Gallian
Website: - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/introduction-to-finite-fields-
and-their-applications/84CD611976678E270A2146652E1773D6
Thank
You!
