SCI 1303 DESIGN OF STEEL
STRUCTURES -I
Dr.R.PADMAPRIYA
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Sathyabama Institute of Scienc and
Technology
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Introduction:
* Design of a building consists of two parts namely, i)
functional design and ii) Structural design.
* The first part consists in planning the building to
serve its requirements taking into account
ventilation, lighting and aesthetic view
* The structural design consists in proportioning
various elements of the building such that the loads
acting on it are transferred safely to the ground and
at the same time unnecessarily excess material is
not used.
* For transferring the loads to the ground various
materials like asbestos sheet, tiles, bricks, cement
concrete, Reinforced cement concrete, steel and
aluminium etc are used.
* In tall structures, composite construction of steel
and concrete is also commonly used. However,
present day structures consists of RCC or Steel.
Common Steel Structures:
Steel has high strength per unit mass
i) Roof trusses for factories, cinema halls,
auditoriums etc
ii) Trussed bents, crane girder, columns etc in
Industrial structures.
iii) Roof trusses and columns to cover platforms in
railway stations and bus stands
iv) Single layer or double layer domes for
auditoriums, exhibition halls, indoor stadiums etc
v) Plate girder and truss bridges for railways and
roads
vi) Transmission towers for microwave and electric
Power
vii) Watertanks
viii) Chimneys
Advantages and Disadvantages:
Advantages:
i) It has high strength per unit mass. Hence even for
large structures, the size of steel structural element
is small,saving space in construction and improving
aesthetic view.
ii) It has assured quality and high durability
iii) Speed of construction is another important advantage
of steel structure. Since standard sections of steel are
available which can be prefabricated in the workshop/site,
they may be kept ready by the time the site is ready and
the structure erected as soon as the site is ready. Hence
there is a lot of saving in construction time.
iv) Steel structures can be strengthened at any later
time, if necessary. It needs just welding additonal
sections.
v) By using bolted connections, steel structures can
be easilty dismantled and transported to other sites
quickly.
vi) If joints are taken care, it is the best water and
gas resistant structure. Hence can be used for
water tanks also.
vii) Material is reusable.
Disadvantages:
i) The material is susceptible to corrosion
ii) Maintenance cost is high, since it needs painting
to prevent corrosion.
iii) Steel members are costly.
Groups of structural steel:
The two main groups of structural steel members are Hot-
rolled steel members and Cold-formed steel members.
Hot-rolled steel members:
* Structural steels are alloys of iron containing carbon
percentage less than 0.25%, Manganese less than 1.5%
and various other metals in small quantities.
* Carbon and Manganese are main constituents which
increases the yield strength.
* The yield strength is the most important strength
characteristic of a structural steel. The yield stress
increases by cold working. The thermo mechanically
treated (TMT) steel performs much better
structurally even under fire than ordinary steel.
* The steel is designated as Fe410, Fe500, Fe540 etc
in which Fe stands or ferrous metal, i.e., steel and
the number after Fe stands for the characteristic
Ultimate tensile stress in Mpa. The stress-strain
curve for steel is,
*The specimen shall be prepared and tested as in
IS:1608. The important property of structural steel
is that it is a ductile material due to which steel
structures get warning of impending failure and
often redistribute load from critical region.
* Ductility provides a way of energy dissipation
which helps in reducing damage due to earthquake
and blast.
