Digital Electronics
Principles & Applications
Module/Unit-II
Numbers We Use in
Digital Electronics
CHAPTER 2 PREVIEW
• Counting in Decimal • Electronic
and Binary Translators
• Place Value • Hexadecimal
Numbers
• Binary to Decimal
Conversion • Octal Numbers
• Decimal to Binary
Conversion
COUNTING IN
DECIMAL AND BINARY
• Number System -
Code using symbols that refer to
a number of items.
• Decimal Number System -
Uses ten symbols (base 10 system)
• Binary System -
Uses two symbols (base 2 system)
PLACE VALUE
• Numeric value of symbols in different positions.
• Example - Place value in binary system:
Place Value 8s 4s 2s 1s
Binary Yes Yes No No
Number 1 1 0 0
RESULT: Binary 1100 = decimal 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 = decimal 12
BINARY TO DECIMAL
CONVERSION
Convert Binary Number 110011
to a Decimal Number:
Binary 1 1 0 0 1 1
Decimal 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 51
TEST
Convert the following binary
numbers into decimal numbers:
Binary 1001 = 9
Binary 1111 = 15
Binary 0010 = 2
DECIMAL TO BINARY
CONVERSION
Divide by 2 Process
Decimal # 13 ÷ 2 = 6 remainder 1
6 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 0
3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1
1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1
1 1 0 1
TEST
Convert the following decimal
numbers into binary:
Decimal 11 = 1011
Decimal 4 = 0100
Decimal 17 = 10001
ELECTRONIC TRANSLATORS
Devices that convert from decimal to
binary numbers and from binary to
decimal numbers.
Encoders -
translates from decimal to binary
Decoders -
translates from binary to decimal
ELECTRONIC ENCODER -
DECIMAL TO BINARY
Binary output
Decimal input
01
0011
0
7 Decimal
5 to
3 Binary
Encoder
0
• Encoders are available in IC form.
• This encoder translates from decimal
input to binary (BCD) output.
ELECTRONIC DECODING:
BINARY TO DECIMAL
Binary input Decimal output
01
0010
1
Binary-to-
7-Segment
Decoder/
Driver
• Electronic decoders are available in IC form.
• This decoder translates from binary to decimal.
• Decimals are shown on an 7-segment LED display.
• This decoder also drives the 7-segment display.
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
Uses 16 symbols -Base 16 System
0-9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Decimal Binary Hexadecimal
1 0001 1
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
15 1111 F
16 10000 10
HEXADECIMAL AND
BINARY CONVERSIONS
•Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion
Hexadecimal C 3
Binary 1100 0011
•Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
Binary 1110 1010
Hexadecimal E A
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
CONVERSION
Divide by 16 Process
Decimal # 47 ÷ 16 = 2 remainder 15
2 ÷ 16 = 0 remainder 2
2 F
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
CONVERSION
Convert hexadecimal number
2DB to a decimal number
Place Value 256s 16s 1s
Hexadecimal 2 D B
(256 x 2) (16 x 13) (1 x 11)
Decimal 512 + 208 + 11 = 731
TEST
Convert Hexadecimal number A6 to Binary
A6 = 1010 0110 (Binary)
Convert Hexadecimal number 16 to Decimal
16 = 22 (Decimal)
Convert Decimal 63 to Hexadecimal
63 = 3F (Hexadecimal)
OCTAL NUMBERS
Uses 8 symbols -Base 8 System
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Decimal Binary Octal
1 001 1
6 110 6
7 111 7
8 001 000 10
9 001 001 11
PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON
NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSIONS
• Use a scientific calculator
• Most scientific calculators have DEC, BIN,
OCT, and HEX modes and can either
convert between codes or perform
arithmetic in different number systems.
• Most scientific calculators also have other
functions that are valuable in digital
electronics such as AND, OR, NOT,
XOR, and XNOR logic functions.
