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El
ORTHONORMAL Bases
AND GRAM-ScBimidt This secon Ras two pve, wilias eud haw,
The frst is do Se2 Why or Reconal Cbimns
In A ond ood. The setond opal ts do
Cousheuct orthogonal Vectors %
Defind® : The sat of vectors J vinta Yat
48 oF Yroepnal hon ¢ Wy =0 fo 4t4
Recoll,, VIVg= Nj ve = Ve = cbt pe duct of Ve
wi \g-
Ja. NR
eased Ue. Ls), [lf
Q] Check Met Sis oc thompnall
Nv, = Lh oT BR] = 140-12 OV
i
MR: Ly ont] = (40-1 so Vv
\
Oy =b ve 1) |= l-attsod
NEV, =0 fe all F44
Sis orthogonal Qe khonormall sok
es
The set of vectors Ne, 1 as 1S Or Ronormeal)
a ennty yoctor Kas Amst Rone and Hao
sot te orthogonal
Notat?:
ae ‘Po whon wt thro’ all vectors)
tat senna
1 whan L=4 Camel vectors = Nell=«
vex: sel [S$] [U7 [477
Leb eh elf
Niao NRO gto
Sy Construct am ov “Yhonormall set from S
posl@ao a 1s @ amet Vector
tts Vrront =a 5 att = Toran 2 2 gts Tact! =
Pe te
Orlronorwea <2 nt Tew? tad
: -faepstslstall
QT) Every, o¢ Meoaornal sot con be normehzat.
tas) Mate Wilh Octhonarmall Columns
Qhvg 1s @ Fectom mateo wile
Or Pronocmal Eokumn vectors.
Qoug = |ll- \ 2h
AT, a
QQ =) a et
art \s fot 1%4,|
a
[Ee Se HR) gy fen aay
“lage, a gy) Wey wlan inp
Hy He -e
Nol; For ow ecto cmeterx Q withe
orthonormal cobtimns , A= I
(2) From BQ=T , cam wa clue Pot
gs a)
aws| Nob. is tm oprorell cectowsitlar Noe) IF A ise square matey, thon
from PR=T j we con cove et S'2eT.
CTramspose = wverse)
[Nols A sauce matrix wilh orthonormal)
Columus is called orthogonal «
Gis oc Hogmal 1S eqquivadbd -bo oo
Exconmplia of, oF Hrogonal medritag
© Retec? merterk ina plone
Qe |g mei |e eng [s Sta
Sime Cosee Paneer
Q voterles wer vector in HO plore by He
3 P
Ovnal oh.
@) Poctmurtest? madriges
@ RoPKction matrices: Q= T-auuT whew tlaller
G2 @ aud GA] T-ect
Le. stetions vucte-ions aud rfbedions
ee ve “Basng Hf sunesy tote lees
oserva. Uno
Kalicot? ly Gy orthsoonall mertax Q,
a ei omch OQ. clon't khong? Q alss
preted olet producs. Toxeet? mectrix Onto he Colum space
of Q Cmatrrx with orthonormal Columns)
Pe Aaa but Gig:T
P= eM C Not aloo equal (dbrtty )
OY Rect that P= Qa isa progechon maton:
BSlorP = (oleae AkEGT =B6 o
@OPree F= [oot J’ Lx Sere wat y
Lowl®, Po QT ts a projection moe
pEx, + bet ®p pag, b2 @ moter WR or Honormal)
Columns, Whon is Ho progechon morfery.
(ST invordibe?
WST BP Ae Bis squnte
var
T
4 For @ Ssauate matrix Q, GTA
Yopchou matin P= Od = ee: + Pe GLP) Coustcuct
“elt fomk(Q)zr <3
ohn nd isa matix of 330
P-0 alo Salted i” h hex
a
(onelus® phe Ge p ae Pr @ Squoe merkix
@ — Oet=7
4
i
——
°
°
|
o
oO
° T
6
oO
oon
| Q/ why vs ot good to Dove @ matcux
wie Or tronormall Columus?
aS) TH mokos calenlat? much ganer. Tor
instante , (ouster Ho nome al eqper?
ATA = ATL , IF A= 2 (orthonse ma?
; Cohumas )
Gig: ath
~ fz ab
oly lol V be Vaccor spa oud
Scfuee pt 1s Collect of Vectors of V:
Basis ohV
S ts @ bass foe V who S ts m®pondist
aud S poms N. Assure Sis a bests se
Tale xe Vy Mon y = GWG Fs-4G Vp
Orthogonal) bass for V
Be Ai vp} Is or thogovel bess Rr
N vihow @ is @ basis oud Vive © porta
Tole KEN Ke QV OYE. 4 GMP
— Find & —
Vix & Vi 4,68 BWt esp
% ¢ & VA
VIN \e fellows West x each £
eg z vix
NEVE
Poe all x eN xo QME QUT. +O
vf (Noe +E)
ws Wey Wp!
-
B: 4a mi dp} sam oc Honormal
\oasis Por V Tailor Ris @ haar Qud
Wty Hes
id @=4
Tele KEN 2 XE fle --4 %
Mw
BE ATR AS HIE + 9%,
be: ae =e
at
Hi Pllows Ra Be ead i ers Mx
Reellk eV iy = cE Gs SG - “Gow LEx) Clumus f Q ars of Honorml vectire
$9 %-
io. tleh 5 '
oar E 5 | lat b= [2] spel Meith
2 2al
* Veogechon b mto @ Dw Kerough @ °
Pb =(4ar)b= (TES, a Pbre!
“ The ght a alfyf=-4 eat
# Proychon Londo @ Liw Horoughs % :
We QL) Abefla-raifape goes
4 Proyechion of, b onto a Lie og
pb (G5) Meglaa- a]=3 oi: 4%,
3
[Noles Bei = progetion of & orto Ho plow
Spe otk boy %, oud Fe
Bee Qheth = pegct glow He whale 2b
<2
sma bER we avpet Pei b-
pape =a} aba] 1th FLsle
=a tu- The Gram. schmidt PReowss
Nh Ss fer @iay% be a sot of Linzary imde-
Amt YRetors
is Yosh act om oa at @ Wig
a ax o¢ Hhonormal “Sot Wa oe
<
(OW S-
YEO
Onyza > 2M Ti
@ 20, MF Ti
@ Many, ~NZer yy
O% = Ta, 7
b> Mtl
O« Lrogonel? sok
iy mo § : eb
SO By-BY
Or ronormall sot mee Rov In RT
ae
fe TAN 4, ¢ te we
Stoll Lye « we
fo. Ta clue of Gra ~ SeKanadt prowse us Talitha
ee ioey wo aa ads pope n cee? allraody seh. Welk [: Tha alo of ram -ScBmlt proms
As to subtract Prom every neo Ywotor
he us Progeton An Ho dicicdion ay
[Eg ct iF [i {is Lintordy nde pendent
@-( Corsteuct on orkkonomel sot [2., &¢
Beh viz oa] See at
Nae So a - oe a ie
klk NA sb 2F iba =|
: ae tes whack Py, els My
While Ny Wee Wa” im z es
a Tt
Oriegpa a =O [wsahl}
OcKanornnal sok = Ae ie \[ Wig %
ex “ “ Ib :
- thy
as 2 [>o-fue : 4
Q 1
\ ie iy
A Kas Lintocl Yas orthonomall
(ndopendonct tStumus Columns -
&/ Compare ¢(a\ to C(2)
Avs} cCay-clay
Rroyestion Ondo Proyechon orto
“CA e(a)
P= ACATAY'AT 2, - asres'eT
0, = aw
le Qissquae
I
ata The QR EACTOR 2A TION,
IF Apxa, Anos Aenoar independourt
Columns , Hen A con be factored
mto A= 22 whaw
a Se p 0 cob
(: hos wrronamall Columns | J
IF A ts squore » Hon Wis oF Hogpnal
Cea = T= Qa
RQ: wa gqgyy Upper tHelamax ar
mole with positive shingonall
Nol, Por AZBR
ATA= LTTaR)= Maiae=MR. Ton Aad: arh
Simpbifiesto VRR= Pat. Frctly RQ=GTL
Least squares 2 Mees Tee or RL=IQTL or 88a
\nstood of, soluing Ax = lo whieh ts im possible
we seWe Ritz gb by back subsdduck
wardh ts Niecy) fast, E4) Find @eR spactorigadon of Fe[atetay)
wikk Wo sot s- Fen, a 24 Linoor by
indepen dead ,
Ass | By Gam Schmidt prowss, ue hove
OMzar teeth
@ Vaz O- (Hag to
© Vs = &- Gaa)g,- GPs) 5 Vs =e
3)
Soe He above for &, aand ay in
foes, of q) Qe j 23
O a= =e @ = (Fe) %
© B Hie sy se TYR « UH, AKAGI,
© 8 CTA Re Rr-SPI Cept Gays,
"OWT Bra\%,
By = (Fawr Ayo
Qa, = HonWHGoy e+ Gey a
Ge Sion Bas
Az|alataa]s (l@alts]] Te =|
Oc thonormall ee
Columns trlanguloe Ex} Find io Pyagieel gene AZAR
a(t]
Aws] sha, [i], 905] i
by 6am- me Protas
ye ee Ud se wate Li]
= Q- Vib VY; = hd Vet
ievelob cate (set
ental Wut: gag) = Wa
at SCAT BL
sfas|a:[a] sok-setfecah lee
vate} A-22 =[% ety ee
0 Qe
ee Bo aM: va
a BU ‘le B Az sel a
Bb ALS ite Sh Mekhoda ,
A=QR
Mulliply bol sido fou, 697
BA BAR but ] fas orthonormal
hae aoe
als my
mn
tT
mh Na «I
Covelase, | ac |
pA. Allo +8,
7 R
WIA=R
2)
