O: Lateral clavicle, acromion A: shoulder abduction,

Deltoids and spine of scapula shoulder flexion and

I: Deltoid tuberosity of extension, medial and
humerus lateral rotation, shoulder
horizontal flexion and
extension
O: Supraspinous fossa of A: shoulder abduction
Supraspinatus scapula
I: Greater tubercule of
humerus
O: Infraspinous fossa of A: shoulder lateral rotation
Infraspinatus* scapula
I: Greater tubercule of
humerus
O: Mid-superior lateral A: shoulder lateral rotation
Teres Minor* border of the scapula
I: Greater tubercule of
humerus
O: Anterior surface of A: shoulder medial rotation
Subscapularis scapula (subscapular fossa)
I: Lesser tubercle of
humerus
O: Inferior lateral border of A: shoulder extension,
Teres Major the scapula shoulder adduction,
I: Intertubercular (bicipital) shoulder medial rotation
groove of humerus
O: long head: supra glenoid A: shoulder flexion, elbow
Bicep Brachii* tubercle of the scapula, extension, elbow supination
short head: coracoids
process of the scapula
I: Radial tuberosity
O: Distal half of the anterior A: elbow flexion
Brachialis humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity
O: Lateral supracondylar A: elbow flexion
Brachioradialis ridge of the humerus
I: Styloid process of radius
O: humeral head: medial A: elbow flexion, elbow
Pronator teres epicondyle of humerus via pronation
common flexor tendon,
ulnar head: coronoid
process if ulna
I: Lateral radius
O: Medial epicondyle of A: Wrist flexion, radial and
Wrist flexor group* humerus ulnar deviation
I: anterior carpals and
metacarpals
 O: Long Head: Infraglenoid A: shoulder extension,
Triceps Brachii* tubercle of the scapula, elbow extension
Lateral and medial heads:
posterior shaft of the
humerus
I: Oleocranon process of
ulna
O: Lateral epicondyle of A: Wrist extension, radial
Wrist extensor humerus and ulnar deviation
group* I: posterior metacarpals

O: Lateral epicondyle of A: Elbow supination

Supinator humerus, proximal ulna
I: Lateral proximal radius
O: Lower part of ligamentum A: Head /neck extension,
Splenius Capitis nuchae, C7-T4 head /neck lateral flexion,
I: Mastoid process, occiput Head/ neck ipsilateral
rotation
O: spinous processes T3-T6 A: neck extension, neck
Splenius Cervicis I: transverse processes C1- lateral flexion, neck
C3 ipsilateral rotation
O: Superior manubriums A: neck flexion, head/neck
Sternocleidomastoi (sternum), medial clavicle extension, head/neck lateral
d (SCM) I: Mastoid process flexion, head/neck
contralateral rotation
O: zygomatic arch of the A: mandible elevation
Masseter temporal bone
I: angle and ramus of the
mandible
O: temporal fossa A: Mandible elevation and
Temporalis I: Coronoid process of the retraction
mandible
O: occipital and temporal A: Eyebrow elevation and
Frontalis bone wrinkle forehead
I: Galea aponeurotica

O: Sacrum, iliac crest, A: trunk, neck and head

Erector Spinae lumbar and thoracic spinous extension, lateral flexion,
(group) processes
I: ribs, vertebrae, mastoid
ipsilateral rotation, anterior
tilt of the pelvis
process
O: Posterior iliac crest A: ipsilateral pelvis
Quadratus I: twelfth rib, transverse elevation, trunk lateral
lumborum (QL)* processes of L1-L4 flexion, assists trunk
extension, anterior pelvis
tilt and lower lumbar spine
extension
 O: Occiput, ligamentum A: head/neck extension,
Trapezius* nuchae, C7-T12 lateral flexion and
I: Lateral clavicle, acromion, contralateral rotation,
spine of scapula scapula elevation, upward
rotation and retraction
O: transverse processes C1- A: scapula elevation,
Levator scapulae* C4 downward retraction, neck
I: superior angle of scapula extension, lateral flexion
and ipsilateral rotation
O: T7-L5, posterior iliac A: shoulder extension,
Latissimus dorsi* crest, posterior sacrum, adduction and medial
lowest 3/4 ribs rotation
I: intertubercular (bicipital)
groove of the humerus
O: C7-T5 A: scapula retraction,
Rhomboids* I: Medial border of the elevation and downward
scapula from the root of the rotation
spine of the scapula to the
inferior angle of the scapula
O: superior border of the A: holds ribs steady,
Intercostals ribs exhalation
(internal) I: inferior border of the ribs

O: ribs 1 to 9 A: scapula protraction and

Serratus anterior I: anterior surface of entire upward rotation
medial border of the scapula
O: Medial clavicle, sternum A: shoulder adduction,
Pectoralis Major* and the costal cartilages of medial rotation and
the humerus horizontal flexion, also
I: lateral lip if the bicipital shoulder flexion and
groove of the humerus extension, scapula
protraction
O: ribs 3-5 A: scapula protraction and
Pectoralis Minor I: coracoids process of the depression
scapula
O: pubic crest A: trunk flexion, posterior
Rectus abdominis I: xiphoid process, costal tilt of the pelvis, lower trunk
cartilage of ribs 5-7 flexion, abdomen
compression
O: lower eight ribs (5-12) A: trunk flexion, lateral
External oblique I: anterior iliac crest, pubis, flexion and contralateral
abdominal aponeurosis, rotation, abdomen
linea alba compression

O: inguinal ligament, iliac A: trunk flexion, lateral

Internal oblique crest, thoracolumbar fascia flexion, ipsilateral rotation,
I: lower three ribs (10-12), abdomen compression
adnominal aponeurosis,
linea alba
 O: inguinal ligament, iliac A: abdominal compression
Transverse crest, thoracolumbar fascia,
abdominis lower costal cartilages
I: abdominal aponeurosis to
linea alba

O: posterior iliac crest, A: Hip extension, lateral

Gluteus maximus* sacrum, coccyx rotation, abduction,
I: ITB, gluteal tuberosity of posterior pelvis tilt
femur
O: external ilium A: Hip abduction, hip medial
Gluteus medius* I: greater trochanter of the rotation (anterior fibres)
femur
O: external ilium A: Hip abduction, hip medial
Gluteus minimus I: anterior surface of greater rotation (anterior fibres)
trochanter
O: anterior sacrum A: Hip lateral rotation, hip
Piriformis* I: greater trochanter of the abduction (when hip flexed)
femur
O: ischial tuberosity A: knee flexion, hip
Hamstrings* I: proximal tibia and head of extension, posterior pelvis
fibula tilt
O: pubis, ischium A: Hip adduction, hip
Adductor magnus* I: linea aspera of femur extension (posterior head)
O: pubis A: Hip adduction and hip
Adductor longus* I: mid-linea aspera of femur flexion
O: pubis A: Hip adduction and hip
Pectineus* I: proximal posterior shaft of flexion
the femur
O: pubis A: Hip adduction and hip
Gracilis I: proximal-anterior aspect flexion, knee flexion
of the tibia (pes anserine)
O: Anterior superior iliac A: Hip flexion, hip
Sartorius spine (ASIS) abduction, hip lateral
I: proximal-anterior aspect rotation, knee flexion
of the tibia (pes anserine)
O: Anterior inferior iliac A: Hip flexion , knee
Quadriceps* spine (AIIS), linea aspera of extension, anterior pelvic
the femur tilt (rectus fem)
I: tibial tuberosity via patella
tendon
O: Anterior superior iliac A: Hip flexion, hip
Tensor Fasciae Latae spine (ASIS) abduction, hip medial
(TFL) I: iliotibial band (ITB) rotation

O: Anterior lateral lumbar A: Hip flexion, trunk flexion,

Iliopsoas* vertebrae, iliac fossa anterior pelvic tilt
I: Lesser trochanter of the
femur
 O: Proximal lateral surface A: ankle dorsiflexion, ankle
Tibialis anterior* of the tibia and interosseous inversion
membrane
I: Medial cuneiform and
base of the first metatarsal
O: lateral fibula A: Ankle eversion, ankle
Fibularis I: lateral fifth metatarsal plantar flexion
O: Lateral and medial A: knee flexion, ankle
Gastrocnemius* condyles of the femur plantar flexion
I: calcaneus via Achilles
tendon
O: Posterior tibia and fibula A: ankle plantar flexion
Soleus I: calcaneus via Achilles
tendon