ENGLISH GRAMMAR BASICS CLASS:

PuroPuri English Shikhi Course

আমরা গত ক্লাসে “I” দিয়ে সব Basic English Structures গুলো শিখেছি।

কিন্তু এখন আমাদের জানা দরকার যে “I” এর যায়গায় - You, He, She, It, We, They বা কারো নাম যেমনঃ
Ahnaf, Rashid etc দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে ইংলিশ বাক্য কিভাবে তৈরি হয়?

সবার আগে চলুন 1st Person, 2nd Person, Third Person নিয়ে জানি।
এবং তাদের Singular ও Plural Form নিয়ে।

1st Person Singular: I I am going home. I eat rice. I ate rice.

We are going home. We ate rice
Plural: We

2nd Person Singular: You You are going home. You eat rice.

Plural: You ( All of you, You You all are going home. All of you eat
guys, You all ) rice. You guys look healthy.

3rd Person Singular: He, She, Shadman, it He is going home. He runs. She runs.
Plural: They, Shadman and Rifat They are going home. They run.

Person Pronoun Example Sentences

Structure: I am

I am _______
You are ____
He is _______
She is ______
It is ________
We are______
They are ____
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha are ____
Sadman and Rifat are ____
Maisha is _______

Negative forms:

I am not ____
You are not _____
He is not ____
She is not ____
It is not _____
We are not ____
They are not ____
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha are not ____
Maisha is not _____
“I am” হল Present Tense-এ।
এবার চলুন দেখি যে Past Tense-এ উপরের বাক্য গুলো কেমন দেখায় :

I was ___
You were ___
He was ___
She was ____
It was ____
We were _____
They were ___
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha were ___
Sadman and Rifat were _____
Maisha was ____

Negative Forms:

I was not ___

You were not ___
He was not ____
She was not ____
It was not ____
We were not _____
They were not ____
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha were not____
Sadman and Rifat were not_____
Maisha was not ____
এখন চলুন দেখি যে “I eat” অর্থাৎ “I _Verb Simple Form_” যেই Structure টা আছে, সেটায় কি কি ধরণের
পরিবর্ত ন আসে “I”-এর যায়গায় অন্য কিছু বসলে।

I eat. I run.
You eat. You run.
He eats. He runs.
She eats. She runs.
It eats. It runs.
We eat. We run.
They eat. They run.
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha eat. Ahnaf Rashid and Samiha run.
Sadman and Rifat eat.
Maisha eats ____

Negative Forms:

I do not eat. I do not run.

You do not eat. You do not run.
He does not eat. He does not run.
She does not eat. She does not run.
It does not eat. It does not run.
We do not eat. We do not run.
They do not eat. They do not run.
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha do not eat. Ahnaf Rashid and Samiha do not run.
Sadman and Rifat do not eat.
Maisha does not eat.
Past Tense-এ কেমন হয় এবং Past Tense-কে Negative-এ নিলে কি হয় চলুন দেখি।

I ate. I ran.
You ate. I ran.
He ate. He ran.
It ate. It ran.
We ate. We ran.
They ate. They ran.
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha ate. Ahnaf Rashid and Samiha ran.
Sadman and Rifat ate.
Sadman ran.

I did not eat. I did not run.

You did not eat. I did not run.
He did not eat/ He did not run.
It did not eat. It did not run.
We did not eat. We did not run.
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha did not eat. Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha did not run.
Sadman and Rifat did not eat.
Sadman did not run.
Person change হলে এবার চলুন দেখি “Do”-এর কি ধরণের পরিবর্ত ন আসে।

I do the homework.
You do the homework.
He does the homework.
She does the homework.
It does the homework.
We do the homework.
They do the homework.
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha do the homework.
Sadman and Rifat do the homework.
Maisha does the homework.

Past Tense-এ

I did the homework.

You did the homework.
He did the homework.
She did the homework
It did the homework
We did the homework
They did the homework.
Ahnaf, Rashid and Samiha did the homework.
Sadman and Rifat did the homework.
Masiha did the homework.
Possessive/ মালিকানা ইংলিশে বলতেঃ

নিচের বাক্য গুলর অর্থ এমন যেঃ এটা আমার কলম

This is my pen.
This is your pen.
This is his pen.
This is her pen.
This is their pen.
This is its pen.
This is our pen.
This is Shadman’s pen.

নিচের বাক্য গুলর অর্থ এমন যেঃ এই কলম টা আমার।

This pen is mine.

This pen is yours.
This pen is his.
This pen is hers.
This pen is theirs.
This pen is ours.
This pen is Shadman’s.
ইংগিত করে কিছু দেখাতেঃ

This is a book
That is a book
These are books
Those are books
চলুন এখন আমরা জেনে নেই পার্থক্যঃ

● Its & It’s

This is my phone. This is its charger. এটা আমার ফোন। এটা এটার চার্জ ার
This is my phone. It’s an iphone. এটা আমার ফোন। এটা হল একটা আইফোন

Its - একটা জিনিসের কিছু একটা

It’s = It is - এটা হল

● His & He’s

This is his phone. - এটা তার ফোন

He’s coming here. - সে এখানে আস্তেসে

His - একটা পুরুষের কিছু একটা

He is - সে হল কিছু একটা ( পুরুষের ক্ষেত্রে )

● Their & They’re & There

This is their car. -এটা তাদের গাড়ি।

They’re coming here. - তারা আস্তেসে ।

He is standing there. - সে সেখানে দাড়িয়ে আছে।

There is a problem. - একটা সমস্যা আছে ।
There is something wrong. - কিছু একটা ভু ল আছে।

Their - তাদের
They’re - They are - তারা হল
There - সেখানে বা General Sense -এ কিছু একটা আছে।
Person change হলে এবার চলুন দেখি “Have”-এর কি ধরণের পরিবর্ত ন আসে।

I have a pen.
You have a pen.
He has a pen.
She has a pen.
They have a pen.
It has a pen.
We have a pen.
Shadman has a pen.

Negative Structures:

I do not have a pen.

You do not have a pen.
He does not have a pen.
She does not have a pen.
They do not have a pen.
It does not have a pen.
We do not have a pen.
Shadman does not have a pen.

First Person Singular and Plural, Second Person ও Third Person Plural-এর ক্ষেত্রে Have বসে। এবং
Negative-এ ও Do not “Have” বসে।

কিন্তু Third Person Singular-এ “Has” বসে Positive হলে, কিন্তু Negative হলে Does not “have” হয়।

এবার চলেন আমরা প্রশ্ন/ Question হলে Structure কি হয় সেটা দেখি।

Question Structures:
Do I have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Does he have a pen? [ কখনো Does he has a pen হয় না, এটা পুরোপুরি ভু ল ]
Does she have a pen? [ কখনো Does she has a pen হয় না, এটা পুরোপুরি ভু ল ]
Do they have a pen?
Does it have a pen? [ কখনো Does it has a pen হয় না, এটা পুরোপুরি ভু ল ]
Do we have a pen?
Does Shadman have a pen? [ কখনো Does Shadman has a pen হয় না, এটা পুরোপুরি ভু ল ]

অর্থাৎ, First Person Singular & Plural, Second Person ও Third Person Plural-এর ক্ষেত্রে
Do __ have হয় প্রশ্নে।

কিন্তু Third Person Singular-এর ক্ষেত্রে Does ____ have হয়।