AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Mechatronics and Automation Engineering program
Sheet 1: Engineering Measurements
Units and dimensions
1- Pressure is measured in units of 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑖𝑛2 in the English system of units. Derive factors to
𝑁
convert to units of 𝑚2 (𝑃𝑎) and kilopond/cm2.
2- A unit for specific heat in the SI system is 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐶. Derive a factor to convert this to
𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑚. 𝐹, and to 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑔. 𝐶
Measurements and Metrology:
3- Define the following terms: Measurements-Metrology-Measurand, and instrument
4- Explain in brief the objectives of the measurements
5- Investigate the methods of measurements
6- Sketch the generalized measurement system and define in brief each term
Dynamic measurements:
7- Define the static measurement vs dynamic measurements.
8- A thermometer has a time constant of 10 s and behaves as a first-order system. It is initially
at a temperature of 30o C and then suddenly subjected to a surrounding temperature of 120o
C. Calculate the 90% rise time and the time to attain 99% of the steady-state temperature.
9- The thermometer in the previous problem is subjected to a harmonic temperature variation
having an amplitude of 20o C and a frequency of 0.01 Hz. Determine the phase lag of the
thermometer and the amplitude attenuation. The time constant is still taken as 10 s.
10- A first-order system has a phase of -50o at a certain frequency. What will the phase lag be
at a frequency of twice this value? What will the relative amplitude responses be at the two
frequencies?
Sensitivity
11- Define the following terms: readability of an instrument- least account- sensitivity of an
instrument having a scale and a pointer- Hysteresis
12- A force transducer is connected such that the output registers a static sensitivity of 1 V/kgf
input. What is the output for a force input of 10 kgf?
13- What are transducers? Sketch the following sensing element transducers:
a. Vapor pressure thermometer
b. Piezoelectric force transducer
c. Orifice plate for liquid flow rate measurement
14- A measuring system consists of a transducer, amplifier, and a recorder having individual
sensitivities of 0.2 mV/C, 2 v/mV, and 5 mm/V respectively. Determine the overall
sensitivity of the system
