CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
- transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones to our body's cells
- removes carbon dioxide and other wastes our cells
4 FUNCTIONS
1. Circulates oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
2. Provides cells with nutrients
3. Removes waste products of metabolism to the excretory organs for disposal
4. Protects the body against disease and infection
HEART
- fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout the body
- primary organ of the circulatory system
- consists of 4 chambers made of muscle and powered by electrical impulses
BLOOD VESSELS- carry the blood/ transport nutrients, wastes and blood
1. ARTERIES- oxygenated/ carry blood away the heart
2. VEINS- deoxygenated blood / carry blood towards the heart
3. CAPILLARIES- smallest, most numerous blood vessels in the vascular system
PLASMA- light ambered colored liquid of blood, contains protein and other constituents of whole
blood suspension that makes up 55% of the body total volume
RED BLOOD CELLS- ERYTHROCYTE blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and fouind in
blood, contains protein called hemoglobin which carry oxygen from lungs.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS- LEUKOCYTES - cells in immune system protecting body against bot
infectious disease and foreign invaders
PLATELETS- THROMBOCYTES, small cell fragments in the blood that form clots and prevent
bleeding
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD will enter to the RIGHT ATRIUM via 2 large veins which is
the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and INFERIOR VENA CAVA. So, from RIGHT ATRIUM blood
flows through RIGHT VENTRICLE via TRICUSPID VALVE. Then pumped through the
PULMONARY VALVE into PULMONARY ARTERIES which carry to LUNGS for oxygenation.
Then, LEFT ATRIUM receives oxygenated blood and flows to LEFT VENTRICLE via MITRAL
OR BICUSPID VALVE. And lastly the blood is pumped through the AORTIC VALVE into AORTA
which will carry blood throughout the body.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LUNGS - are the main part of the respiratory system
- divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.
The upper respiratory tract includes
1. Mouth and nose
2. Nasal cavity- sticky mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity traps dust particles, and tiny
hairs called cilia help move them to the nose to be sneezed or blown out.
3. Sinuses- air-filled spaces alongside the nose help make the skull lighter.
3. Pharynx (Throat)-Both food and air pass through the pharynx before reaching their
appropriate destinations.
- The pharynx also plays a role in speech.
4. Larynx (Voice box)- essential to human speech.
The lower respiratory tract is made up of the:
1. Lungs- one of the body’s largest organs, responsible for providing oxygen to capillaries and
exhaling carbon dioxide.
2. Trachea (windpipe)- just below the larynx, the main airway to the lungs.
3. Bronchi-branch from the trachea into each lung and creates the network of intricate passages
that supply the lungs with air.
4. Bronchioles- tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs.
5. Alveoli - functional unit of Respiratory System
6. Diaphragm-main respiratory muscle that contracts and relaxes to allow air into the lungs.
PARTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Nose
- external protuberance of an internal space, the nasal cavity
Nasal septum- cartilaginous and bony wall,
2. Mouth
3.Throat (pharynx) (upper section of the throat)
4.Voice box (larynx)
5.Windpipe (trachea)
6.Large airways (bronchi)
7.Small airways (bronchioles)
8.Lungs
UPPER TRACTS PARTS
1. Nose
- external protuberance of an internal space, the nasal cavity
Nasal septum- cartilaginous and bony wall,
2. SINUSES- areas between the bones in your head that help regulate the temperature
and humidity of the air you inhale.
3. Pharynx (throat) - Tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the trachea
(windpipe).
-NASOPHARYNX
-OROPHARYNX
-LARYNGOPHARYNX
esophagus - muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach
4. LARYNX (voice box) - allows you to talk and make sounds when air moves in and out
- Epiglottis is usually upright at rest allowing air to pass into the larynx and lungs
LOWER TRACT PARTS
1. TRACHEA-long tube that connects your larynx (voice box) to your bronchi.
- 10 to 12 cm long and 2 cm wide.
tracheobronchial tree - where air travels to your lungs and exchanges gases , CO2 & O2]
2. BRONCHI- large tubes that connect to your trachea (windpipe) and direct the air you
breathe to your right and left lungs
3.
