De Block oO + Sand P- block elemenls are known ag D-bock of periodic table contains the elements of group 9 ee ee as Definition : Zn ed, Hg > Reason. og iy asee Gees!) eae ans Hone ee Zn Cz> 30) is nebo Reason: a. Gpper atom has @mpletely Fillee| al orbitals (md 2d’*) in its ground Stete Then how it is a transition elemento Reason: Element qT Vv Ce Mn Fe GN & ZB Gmmen 0S: 5S Ay otam has completely filled c- orbitals Cyd?) in sts ground State. Dut Ag is a transition element. Reason : Electronic Gnfiguration : @-)d'" nse na *% There ave ds sevies, Note: i 3d series: Se Cz=21) to “Zn C20) 7 ud series - e Sd series: 6d Serves: ain ee Sep i eG lily Mires Coy 8 [Ne Ce eee Ud-» Y Ze Nb Me Te Re Rh PA Ay Cd 7 ee er rele eee ae ati ee Sd—+ la err.| WNede: Elements having Configuration @ * Pd Ukr) 6S Yd c # Pulbau Rule or (nte) Rule is only valid for orbital. thod's why during removed last electm is removed Pepe from Gieneral Properties of Transition Metals = 2. Adomic radii or Atomic Cize: a Se TF Ws Gr Me Fe e@ Nr Gu Zn { halt Filled + ® Order of size in 37d group Order of ize In yth- jath group: TH [svte Reason: eee ©g. Ze (leo pm) and H+ Cis? pm) 2. Melting Point: ; * Fransifon metals arre very much roel] x These medals have high Reason a ; : Zo * Melting paint clepends on (i) di GN) % Maximum Mp. in de black Highest « Order sof MP in Ut loth Jroup > lowest + order of MiP in BF and 24h Groups dip— Order of MP In Ut jroueB Density: ym _ Bom left do so density Order: 4. Epthalpy of Ademi sation: * Transition elements Reason: * Order ina grup PPT bond formation tendency Nete: 2, ; v S. Tenization enthalpy - Order of TE in Bd: x DEC.0f Sd elements i's * Zn Cd Ha Hg Zn Cd x Te. Mt Fe aight + MP VE Non - transition elements down the group. 2 $] as) than Ud due 4o Ge Sd 3d ud a3 Au Shi. lowest Gmmar Ru G Ay O-S, of these Clemen. Ss ae except C 9) Mat Q Second FE fs unusually high fr Cr and Cy. Reason: 6. Oxidation State : « Range (it O:9 5 £3: Mn = 345 ys? x to X+¥% Ameng ad Series elemends highest OS + @ * Among d-blocle elements ighert OS > ’ 4 B. Why Ga, Ny and Zn Jenerally do net Show oxidohbn state jreetey than +2 9 Reoson: A. Mn shows highest number of diferent Oxidetron Stade s Reasn: Mote: Sc Ga oes not exist Flo * THT) fs more cteble than * Stability of higher oxidation cate or mouing [ett to wight otter S9 FC J, &C +) NiO) .@C > me Stability of highter o.s 9. GrOg 0, wo, Therefore CrCvi) doum — the qroup . MD acidic medium y's , low oxidation states are ey. ound orth, 6. Why is Gr 4% reducihy agent and Myt3 *s Oxi Aten) in ature Reason: @. Why E°(ra¥4 4) Value for Cut? | So postive (+0-34v) > Reason». Cus, —» Gray Gy, ——+ G* @, Netes Atma (1) is brghest for s cae dowesl foraaa ae ® Stabilify of higher OXiclation Slates : * TIXy Mn 03 ~ Ve “ Fevq ~ Oe + Cox, “ GX Cexcept 7 20% 4+ur- —_, Ga ic tnstallel aqueous medium and undergo 24 > Reason : st Ordey of stability : Gt Cath Cin aquesus medr'ury ) Cte GAB ) = Fag C Do: FeO) stable tn but decomposes readily to * Migher Os. of My ts Stable with aaiaced width Reason: . y- with Oxygen: Ith Flume: * Order of Orrdinng Pourr of Os". Crs052> ane Mn dy~ Notes Except all 3d metale are mace seachive anol by the Ht, Ox ceed Go + Hey —+ “Zn + Hel —~» & Gmpare the vedlucieg power of GX and ta.3 Magnetic Properties : © n ao = fron) BM ee Bohr magnelon a oe J V14Au ae D2 2Oi23 2 ZbBIey J Mate 4 W940 oS Mntto Ss S-9286 Cott an ines, 8. Formation of Glouree| Ions: ~ d®, dios x When an Clechrom — frern a lower energy Clate ww is to energy state € D the eneray of* excitation Comrespmdg +o the fH: of Nght abcorbect. = Frequency of light thot is absorbed is determined by - (3) bi (iy Reacm for Glour - | . ® dd transition: te d ~ grand de Comple merfarry Gowers ® Charge dtoanstem: KMndy . KiC~20q. c) ¢) CrO2Cl,, CrOu™ —+ Gloure| due to LMCT © Polarisation : * 1 Covalent Charecler X Glour deeper pyc) AyBr MT 3 * Oban, ce Feta ¢ Cr eI59. Formation of complex compounds = A chemical Reason; (id (iy Gry gy. 10. Gralytic ProperHec: * Gtalyet ot a solid curlece Involve the formation of bonds between reactant molecule and atoms of the Surface off Gtalyst- * Reeasom Fore Showing Catalyhic prpertres- a cy Examples: Name of Process Gotalyst ured . Crtecf proress Haber's provess Gtealyhe by deqenation - manufactur of polythene * Ve getabe oil —~ghee + Wagker's provecc Polymen'sation of alkyne * Deacon's procecs ¢ Ostwald’ process x Fe Catalyses reaction befween fet8 4 yO _ i, Fet® 4 S209 —_, S2Qy-* —+W. Formation of Indecstitial Comp ounts- ® + Non- Stoithiomebsre Compounds . i'n cuhich small atoms such ag are heupped inscle the crystal latices of medale. ~ Neithy noc + They have * They ave very hard cg. x Thy vedary their Thy are chemically * Metals thet form alloy should have melting pink then pure medals. hac hardness equivalent Jo radius Cwithin Ist of each other) x Steal stamless eel > eass = German Silver Renee Bell mefat> Gun metal Some Linpordont Gonpounde Of Transition Elements - Oxides o€ Meta}: - doce not form oxides with general forrmul MO Which gre ionic+ a Gre tes ovider in which the Onc. of meta] "s used equal tits grup number - ~ My.Oy 1s Mm nedyve » * Oxides in hiker o-s are acidic & in jouer Cc. baste. M 20, ] V20 5 Vo, Vio, = Go, C30, Ceo Mey + “aiid — NhOs + aikal) ——+ Oo 02 He M20 y ——>Poa seam Dichremate (kK. Ga03) Tass'am Dichremate (Ke G,02) ° Mop: 4 OO, + NO.(0g ———> Na. Gd, + Hyd, = —__y Gen eae = Shuchus et: chameles mate ion Hybridisation Dittevent type of Gr-0 bonds All Ceo bonds are equal 2 bond ame (Gece) Ghoyr Reason Fr Glow No. of prr-dir bonds BReachion of Kiln Og with H20,: Ke GreOq + Ha SO0y +4HO, —— Chi | chloride -fest: a Ke pas Nall +6 Ha S0y —4+ > FeCn0, or +0,—45 Solu bility Q NaCr, Og KGn0, Dychwmote i'mNote: Sodium anc potassium ichromafe ave - but KiGr204 Is used ag In Or.0,-% lyn? _ ten E%> poev Some veachions+ Cr0q? —» C43 Cin aude. medium) O T ~—> Cae uses: OM CoO a co) HS — 3 (yy Sap —+ i) No,- —> Vir) p> > Wi) Co, — (x) S205 ——> &) So, ——> “ Moles Gre? a Cn0g> Cc) a, CrOurt anf Cuda ent in egulibnium at phe K1004 >: Mop : Go Mo, + kon +03 [kre ; Moog ® 414 + M0, _ GD tof preparotion metyd ; Pin** 4 © €,05-* + Sho —__» (1) Commercial methed : M072, —————> MnONofe : KMnOy exidises water of OSs) but sti) used im volumetric — Ondysis Reason: Shrucluves EMO Pandy” Hybridisation Ditfereat ype of Mr 0 bonds ? All 19,-0 bond ; are auc] 2 Structure Glour (Reeton): moot pr-dir bods» magnetic behaviour: Kites OxIdi1Ay powers Krona, ae") zie Kno, ——__» cr ECO, ae km\noy ———> a \Ftna, ———* Raper —_ ek alblne Kn dy I's* Mnd,~ in acidic mecltum - a Pin 1H besic medium - dy T° —> é S50," — thy ero re @) Cay — eee (eG alin po “2 Son7? + Mlofe t— cy No Gin or —_3 OH Ge, + C8) Ssogt CW? 60, —+ Teg 8 A &rvos') os a laws Of equivalence:f-Yock Elements Bert ence ere poster ies The Lanthanvidé: Greup-3 pesiid - ® Electronic Configuration - eran ba calcd de TEE EE £6 cnet > STs ee z : > Ret ah ave Ed aoe 6sk ts in all and: vemaininy eS eye biked in Atomic No. Name Symbo) . Taek ec. Ly x 68 Coriuen Sq Praseodyrmturn 60 Neo dy miu _ Prosnieth'um 62 Samarium 63 Europiam «64 Gadolins'y m 6s Tex biun Gc DysProsium GF Hob'g Helmiam 68 Erbium 6q Thultum al Niderwbium eT Ludedium Q Atomic and Tonic Sizes Ceo 7 Pe Nd 2 Pm Pom Gd > Th > Dy > Ho SEr> Tn? Dla wreason: Note: Lanthanoid Contraction 1S agelicable fer Lanthane id Garrechion +> Basic Nature of bydvoxides- é li @n La: CoH). 3 * from Ieft do wight Reasan : ®@ Reachions - — Mest Gmmm 0.5. of all the Grthaniids is q Gt _ at CD bt Eu I pee yy SO oes Pr, Nd Th. Dy =P +4 OS Oly in 54 > Sn t+ # (et @n be used @s analytical agent tn ay medium. Reason , * Almost all trivalent lanthaneids are Cc OD Except ~ Reason + Uses. ee 1@ Mischeetal : Ln + Fe + é + C+ 414+ G oe 4 L 2 3x te Sx2s 8 chinoids - > Genecal Clechronic Confijurations 7S 6d sf — ne > fang fs yf Rn) 482 ie > Then (oz ) tr d ™ $1,92,43,96, [03 > Rest ali ave Atomic No. Name Symbe] Tatk Ec Fo Thorium V Peetactinium 92. Uronium 93 Nep+taniar ay Pluctonturn as Pmevicium a6 Cursum 93 Berkliam 98 Goli-Ferniom m9 Ejinsteniarm [oo Eerrmasum 107 Moendeleviur Io2 No bear log Lavo renciaes + AchHooids an show Os. Reason + 7 NP, Pu maximum O:S; + size > Actinsidc Lanthanos'ds —+ ‘DE: Ach noids Lanthanoards 4 pase Actinvids Lanbanoial ¢ — Actinsid Grrtractron Lanthaneid Cortracton — ~Transition Gorteerthin pute LanthanoidS arc (except : 5 Actinids are C eee* Note Extent of bend farmation . S& 44 Reason: Characteshics : ey ruse Sale) ive na GiDy- SHO, Freen vitviol + Mg Oy-TH20 = Both are | 3 Struchure - F Hydrosen bonded Uber moleules — ee Condede Certo s ele de, C8) First synthe elemen} - LanthanorAs Actin oval s (tig Wii V9 7) ary