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D and F Block

The document discusses the properties and characteristics of transition elements, focusing on their oxidation states, electronic configurations, and general metallic properties such as high tensile strength and conductivity. It also covers the behavior of lanthanides, their atomic sizes, and the formation of various compounds, including their amphoteric and acidic properties. Additionally, it highlights the significance of these elements in chemical reactions and their applications in various industrial processes.

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Rk chem
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167 views12 pages

D and F Block

The document discusses the properties and characteristics of transition elements, focusing on their oxidation states, electronic configurations, and general metallic properties such as high tensile strength and conductivity. It also covers the behavior of lanthanides, their atomic sizes, and the formation of various compounds, including their amphoteric and acidic properties. Additionally, it highlights the significance of these elements in chemical reactions and their applications in various industrial processes.

Uploaded by

Rk chem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Est 5s i A fy a HS Ta W Re Os In Pt a? 4, 2 ce gb eat sat. 5 sd qe SHE AT OE cea Tact! teal bs! 6s* ger ose 6S™ 6c? oo ee Generel erties 0 ton element. | au d block — metallic prperty show 1) Tensile high . 2) Duthie * 3) malleable * ne + Thermal £ electnica) onductinnty a prep peohery sc nee ner ta hep ti hep nee ef F be! 5) metallic baature> 6) Hard metallic lathice Str * ep cep ech X bee” bed 10 Nn 4) low velatil wh wehe Co NiCcu2n nee Te hy “by ba Ag Re eu “ty BE Ad hee cP x <4 x H9 O MezpP > Grodermore valence & 3 more Strong bona 7 ymore MP2 BP aw) Cr) ia, 2n [ope Mp2 BP | cg p Ones Ww Hg ‘Teal exception Mn 21¢]? MP2 BP Is low - to 0 9 Gre ai bonds oly lath'ce & then Convert atome inte : gaseous form: Lenthalpy opatomie”) amore VE 2 more ‘strong bond symore enthalpy ef apomie": almest. send as MP # BF) frre avandia) (follows, ome @® €nthalpy ofatomi2? @ Atomic size min > @e = Co=N? xkeugzn ferlod $eo:Ti 2 V2 cr. SEHIOF clecreare Const Increase Zz screen. = ‘1 . eH 2 SORE Ze = Seuconins egy Scyeening Gyo Greub ec Th Vv cr Mn fe Co NI Cu 20 A Wy A A ee es eee WY | zr Nb Mo Te Ru Rh PA Ag cd A 4 4 7 ce eves eta y ” la | Hf Ta by Re Os Tyre iu Hg Lanthanide Conte~ Cpoor shelling of ao fowitle) Period 1 generally Increase from LteR (But change at 2,64) — . es vc oS mnk Be < Co Ni € CU S2n 2 6 4 Soa Th OM SOK Meg Fed corNigtugzZn (eke) 2pyede na => Pegnert pal pied @ Ifa, Of CY; Ss ay aa tea oh VP Gh Cig? _ tg of MO 3 High 2 4S Ger Group 63 5» 3d>4d>5d ouseta —9 Sdosdzed G1894 12 9 5d>3d>44 ® oxiaation state ¢ All et block Shows vartable oxidaHion stake: except 3 # G2 lese energy 9°P L, why vanable oxactate 27, > Very > blw f-Id 8 NS orbitals Ce easy excited fx0™M Gr-Del to 9s) Se ee Ni ca 2° value plea are ve f He je Cfable. ZN ave move negate. configuration ave snore Stables 2, znt? ete crate in entire d block fs +6« (eu,9 $004 2° values oly M.Nt, z 4 ql? High ive hydration enthalpy « 2 volur of cu ts nau cert et from acta) — \0w hydration enthalpy @ rot2/M standard electrode potential : set? sel” -s Hyhnegative (12° ¢stable) Spe —> posttre Cwah) yo “stable PS mot? positive (hig hd as cle Stable a eet? —> pele = High negative Ce as stable Higher oxidation state in Habider & oxides a> ey atts cer, Min fe co Ni eu Zn Tixa vx2 cax2 > Minx Cux L - 2 Fex. C Tixy vx3 COB. Mink a akc alt ao ix cr eee « only VFe Js Known, which on hycleolysis tvea VOX3 « © B® Cu%, formed except Zodide+ cuit? - res Cer 2g +4 cut? jc more Stable than Cu Ly very nigh pydration energy relented hich Compensatet ond De * 3n a9 Sol oad et @ sc Ti Vio¢cy MN Fe CoN! Cu zn Tio YO cro MnO 5503 Ti203 Yo03, C202 Mn203 FEO COO Jin Cuo Tid2. Y204 C¥O2 MNO2 FerOs C0304 ' C20 YoOs C03 M30 Fes 04. zno M203 °9n Hig her oxiclaten state , oxides are move stable than fieutdal ) [Magnetic properties fe Raramagnetiec Persomagnehe athsacted by Veay Stoo. mogactie oe i neh'c oper nounpalred & > presence of unpaired & Magnetic moment peJn@w) Br n=no oF unpaired (a (io) [ Form atten of Col colored | zens] y an unpaired electron /s present , ded transition - cmK ny “ny electwon ts excited from lower energy to higher enesgy 4 orbital (") (Gollyte propertiee) ->9t has muutiple onbtaton slate Shows aalyytic. property - Contact proces ae Yoo Habes proces — Finely dlvitcteed Dx0n pet34 p> ope? 4 To. Cobalytic hopenaton —> Ni* na Bs pet? +sa0g? EF. s02 st will Show Color due to ® Formeaton oly Gnterstial Com pdt Thete are metals & form late + (Voids ant Created In the | attice) Smo atoms Like B,H,CsN Are accomodated in these empty Spaces 8 fem Interstial Compound + Ties Mn4e »PesH » Vos» Hp o High melting potnk, very hard, chemically Inert Bhave metalic jotty « @® Alloy formation Due to similar Size ole d block meta pee ello ir (J Ig, these metale 80}: alipy of Coppes Brass 7, $220 2F Brome — se", en 12°772% Reljemeta) VEL + zy? en Gun Eu + att nahh oxide Some imp Compounds 0 Transition elements oxides of deblock lemnents 'n lowroxided ion stake are baste. in high bation: SY 4k qu'elle & en antermediate, oxtdaton State > amphoteric: V203, > Basle vaor }NaCH —Na3V4. + H2d ' Vode 3 ampboten'eC ve pe ype) —> VO2e! + H20 ‘cro 2 Basle C2039 amphotene Crd, 9 acldic Cv03 +H20 > Hacro4 Mn20q #H20 — HMn04 Atvoz+Ho — Hotrs OF Potarstt e Preparatto0 Potassium dichromate (k21204) @ we _ @ Preparatto) chromite gy + Eis + 02 BA 3, +2. oo > ngacrog +6203 4 Ca NQpCx04 + Has04. —> Na2C%s 07 + NaaSaq + H20 Sodium dichiomate Nazt%0y + Kel ——? Kacra 0s + NaCl sty potassium dichromate cheomafe 20n clichromoté on crou> C077 ? a o a oO a oO ee eer cae ee / | . < o 0 of oO oO © chromate dichromate mn cyol -2 He ae coe gua—> arr 4" on" eam 'c = Backward ( ) OH Ca Basi (yet! wo) orange) @ Stx0ng oxidicing agent In acidic medium +3 a3,.6" + Ht ' ee so at oxidizes » LT" toI2, Hes tos, sit2iveb pe? 40 pel? croq? FA + HY 5 bt ext? 4 H20 Se po aie Hei acit. 3 _ oo gott any meto) chloride + Cone Hacoy +Kec%20y —> CO 20lp + RHE Ckel Red +H: os ” Vapours =a ee Potassium pe Cemnoy) O _ Potassium pemagnate Cksnoy) Preparatied oye 3 pyvolusite oxe 02. H +02 ——> KeMn0q + H20 nate (on Mnodz,. + KO! m yeen) € Shoat - mnoy? > Mnoy +Mnd2 + HoD purple —2 Green Fused with KOH & moog Commencial px” = MND2 os KNO3, 2 Moy ject a oxidahon ed 42, - eee Mn® 4 S)03 ~ detis9 ——> MN04 +8057 ea Lab pprn’ Se © Structure D ! Mn, ZN No- mn 7 Oo 5 ? (aie aati “gn Pusple ponecoy a cLlamagnetie. Paxamagnen _5 detempage + + Mno2 +02 © properties yerinoy A Komnoy purple som Seuincxse ok ; Mai ae *fotoudium per magnate fy ao econ ae aa ye oxalate, Sr 5 Gog? — C2] Modu +toby tH mI $602. eet? 3 Fe - te ce re 4Aed () nitw}e — aiteade "Nos —? NR ano tH IE 4 SE (2) Iodide — Iodine ol 8 Pedy 00 uh 005 $0 ® gs" A taT sah"4 7 9H20 (hos? hoa? P04 +S ome? 94 HO S037 —» Soy ae M004 +H 4S03—5 0" + S07 thd Potaulum permanganate (neudeat / faintly alkaline) © jess alkaling Moog +I tyes —> Mn + 105 * = -2 Mnoy + 5203 —— > mno, + Soy* a aa mMnog + MA — > Mnon troton we ULt Atl Hasoy & not Hel mop +2 wore > In tH beoe Hel + Mog —> Cla + Mo Electronic Configuration \ Th oe M Radivachve MB 58 54 60 é! 62 63 of 6s 66 67 68 64F Fo 4A © Atomice/ fonte Size ease 0 atomle/ion' PoBlock element * last & >(n2yYforbitel 2) anti penult! ase 7 earth 58 4) Lanthanoidt (14) Lanthanum yak! Ce-Lu pctanolde CIM) Adhinium 3 a7" 90 - 103 G2 - —~age 2. cexum — @it ats cee PES Prageodymia FE ape miu Nd neodymium et pee +f3 Pm Promethium pe —4f" Sm Samaxiun grare-——-4¢) 9 — ~~ —aeh oe ae ies? Ff EU europil : ad aia arg-o7Ta ~ - 4: am aa th Terbium wr — ‘te ae af Dy dyspsosium a) = Ho oleaam avi. ae q ex Exbium ae sce = “448 Tm “Ffplium sugges Yb yterblum & ee 4g! ~ _~agl Lu Ceddlum ea a api eal gs? ce i val?) from La to Lu = wie dec ea (due to lanthanide ContracHen, Ls from La to Lu > atomic number HE 5 number of Protons in roucteud} electrons arte added to4t orbital very poor shelldibg 3 soradiua |. a and Sdsen'es are eZame dus to lanthanoi'd , , comrachon © Atomic radius oly 4 co Ni Cu ZH —3d genes go Th oy cr Mn fe. a a an an a nw a nw Ve Zy Nb Mo 1c Ru Rh FA 4g cq —Ad henes u Mt n u n jn- " " Re OS Ie Pt Au Hg —Sef ceria lo Ht Ta W oxidation steHe t Greneraly 43 ond? state, @ but 42 and +4 also exict cus to 4g°, 4p, af!" confiqurodion- cht 3 4gO -—sontetinnls gent see ett 5 4p? eut3 cut? —_ a7 +2 -] Reduct ent > a. a if 49 yor? tH Samarium > exibibits +2 8 +3 oxidation State, Grenext] characterishes @ Reaction withalr /- Lanthanoids ave Silvery White (soft) * 4ornish én moist alr 9n ole 2b forme Lng0z type oxides ; operas @ Hardness | fF with fatméatomic number: (Samarium steel+) j200K) ( Somavium-excephior 1623k) od conctuctor &ly peat £ electaiclty. scolorlecs I ete ap%4f Configueahion © mes (1000 — @® conduct ty 2 © Colored 10) > fref: transition * ea medals &'y so 90 Oepem leat Reaction LoN a nee Lnx3 Ln203 3 beray ist? eu, an Lnca, 7 2 oxioles 3 hydoon (des - » The oxide s ahydooxides are pale Like G Actineids Th ——-Lyr Hy 5 o-l 2 90, 103 f ed WE ate mt Ac Actinium Lb 2 Ga liegt) Bf? ‘Th — Thagiurn aT gates Sf! SH" pa — Protactinium UT _Gpr gals=> Sf? 54! U Uranium a G&G 3¢al4s> ap SG? NP Neptunium BEF ed! FD 5f4 SF Pu Plutonium Gad. Spe gs® sp FF" Am Amevidurn AT spt gc SHO BFF cm Cetrlum fae --- 7 7 EY SEE Bk Berkellum fk — 5floys® 5f8 Bf! cf Cauifornium ope 5F!? ate Bf 5t Es Eincteinium — Einstein ke ogpl ae 5° 5f4 em fermium wort Bt! ac> 5f" of” : 2 ‘ Md Mendelevium peer oF” qs 5f! in NO Nobelum Nimbu pani 5g" 387 5p? fl? Lr Lawrenlum Lao 5 si) De saize. > jonic raddi decrease across a Senes" CAct'notd contraction) eoxldation stat? > CBxommon oxtdah'on state: Th Pa u NP Gjarge ox jdaHonstatt: ay ts 46 +4 * Action of air : Like lanthanoid.2 Silvew) wpite os tarnish : dus +o oxide « Colored 200 : {-£ grancitien formation - + Reclucingaugent > Ltv0rg Reducing agents:

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