ELECTROMAGNETISM

Project report for

Submitted by
Name:

Under the guidance of

Ms. yuvarani
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certificate that the project electromagnetism

submitted in a bona fide record of original work done by:
reg no: during his senior academic year 2024-
25 under my supervision and guidance.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER MS.YUVARANI/PHYSICS

TEACHER
. AIRFORCE SCHOOL
COIMBATORE

PRINCIPAL
 DECALARATION

This is to declare that the project entitled

ELECTROMAGNETISM
Is a bona fide record of the original project work done
by me during the period of my senior secondary study
in Airforce school, Coimbatore under the supervision of
Ms. Yuvarani (physics teacher)
Coimbatore
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, I praise God, the almighty for

providing me this opportunity and granting me the
ability to carry out the project successfully.
It is with great reverence and gratitude; I thank Airforce
school Coimbatore for the opportunity.
I am glad to express my deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to my guide Ms.yuvarani, who has guided
me throughout this work and spent her precious time to
enhance my knowledge. It is my great privilege to
thank all my family members, friends, for their
continuous support in various ways.
 contents

S.NO. TOPICS

1 introduction to electromagnetism

2 what is electromagnetism

3 some applications of
electromagnetism

4 electromagnetism in ancient world

5 bibliography
 Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is a branch of Physics, that deals with the electromagnetic

force that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic
force is one of the four fundamental forces and exhibits electromagnetic fields
such as magnet fields, electric fields, and light.
Electromagnetism is a process where a magnetic field is created by introducing
the current in the conductor. When a conductor is electrically charged it
generates magnetic lines. For example, if current i.e., positive charges move in a
wire, it produces the magnetic field along the wire, and the direction of magnetic
lines and force can be determined using Right-hand Rule.

What is electromagnetic force ?

The electromagnetic force is a type of physical interaction that occurs

between electrically charged particles. It acts between charged particles
and is the combination of all magnetic and electrical forces. The
electromagnetic force can be attractive or repulsive.

Before the invention of electromagnetism, people or scientists used to

think electricity and magnetism are two different topics. The view has
changed after James Clerk Maxwell published A Treatise on Electricity and
Magnetism in the year 1873. The publication states that the interaction of
positive and negative charges are mediated by one force. This
observation laid a foundation for Electromagnetism. Later many scientists
like Michael Faraday, Oliver Heaviside, and Heinrich Hertz contributed
their ideas in electromagnetism.
Fleming’s left hand rule :

Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the

conductor experiences a force which is perpendicular to both the
magnetic field and the direction of current. According to Fleming's left
hand rule, if the thumb, fore-finger and middle finger of the left hand are
stretched to be perpendicular to each other as shown in the illustration at
left, and if the fore finger represents the direction of magnetic field, the
middle finger represents the direction of current, then the thumb
represents the direction of force. Fleming's left hand rule is applicable for
motors.
Fleming’s right hand rule:

As per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, whenever a

conductor moves inside a magnetic field, there will be an
induced current in it. If this conductor gets forcefully moved
inside the magnetic field, there will be a relation between the
direction of applied force, magnetic field and the current.
This relation among these three directions is determined by
Fleming’s right-hand Rule.
This rule states “Hold out the right hand with the first finger,
second finger and thumb at the right angle to each other. If
forefinger represents the direction of the line of force, the thumb
points in the direction of motion or applied force, then second
finger points in the direction of the induced current”.
Some applications of
electromagnetism :
Mobile Phones:

Mobile phones rely on electromagnetism for communication.

Radio waves, a type of electromagnetic wave, transmit signals
between mobile devices and cell towers. Inside a mobile phone,
the antenna receives these radio waves, which are then
converted into electrical signals for processing and
communication.

Transformers :
Transformers are essential components in power circuits that
utilize electromagnetism for voltage regulation and power
distribution. In a transformer, alternating current (AC) flowing
through one coil induces a changing magnetic field, which, in
turn, induces a voltage in another coil through electromagnetic
induction.

Electric Motors :

In electric motors, the application of electromagnetism is different

from transformers and generators. Here, the role of
electromagnetism is in the conversion of electrical energy to
mechanical energy.
Electromagnetism in the Ancient world :

Investigation into electromagnetic phenomena began about 5,000

years ago. There is evidence that the
ancient Chinese, Mayan, and potentially
even Egyptian civilizations knew that the naturally magnetic
mineral magnetite had attractive properties, and many
incorporated it into their art and architecture. Ancient people
were also aware of lightning and static electricity, although they
had no idea of the mechanisms behind these phenomena.
The Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus discovered around 600
B.C.E. that amber could acquire an electric charge when it was
rubbed with cloth, which allowed it to pick up light objects such as
pieces of straw. Thales also experimented with the ability of
magnetic rocks to attract one other, and hypothesized that this
phenomenon might be connected to the attractive power of
amber, foreshadowing the deep connections between electricity
and magnetism that would be discovered over 2,000 years later.
Despite all this investigation, ancient civilizations had no
understanding of the mathematical basis of electromagnetism,
and often analyzed its impacts through the lens of religion rather
than science (lightning, for instance, was considered to be a
creation of the gods in many cultures).
 Bibliography

.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr
omagnetism
https://resources.system-
analysis.cadence.com
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
real-life-applications-of-
electromagnetism/