Homework set 23

1) Find the echelon form of the given matrix. 8) For what values of h are the given vectors
1 4 -2 3 linearly dependent?
-3 -11 9 -5 -1 5 3 -9
-1 -3 -2 -3 4 , 2 , 7 , -21
6 -3 -5 h
2) Find the reduced echelon form of the given
matrix. b1
1 -3 2
1 4 -5 1 2 9) Let A = -2 5 -1 and b = b2 .
2 5 -4 -1 4
3 -5 -6 b3
-3 -9 9 2 4

Determine a set of all b for which the equation

The augmented matrix is given for a system of equations.
is consistent (i.e., a condition which must be
If the system is consistent, find the general solution.
satisfied by b1 , b2 , b3 ).
Otherwise state that there is no solution.
1 4 3 -1 2 8
3) 0 0 0 -4 3 4 10) Find the general solution of the homogeneous
0 0 0 0 -2 8 system below. Give your answer as a vector.
x1 + 2x2 - 3x3 = 0
4x1 + 7x2 - 9x3 = 0
3 -1 -5 -x1 - 2x2 + 3x3 = 0
4) Let a 1 = 1 , a 2 = 3 , and b = -15 .
-6 5 -2
Determine whether b can be written as a linear 11) Describe all solutions of Ax = b, where
combination of a 1 and a 2 . 2 -5 3 -1
A = -2 6 -5 and b = 8 .
-4 7 0 -19
1 -3 2
5) Let a 1 = 2 , a 2 = -4 , a 3 = 1 , and b =
-3 1 6
12) The network in the figure shows the traffic
3
flow. Find the general solution of the system
-3 .
of equations that describes the flow.
-6
Determine whether b can be written as a linear
combination of a 1 , a 2 , and a 3 .

6) Write the following system as a vector

equation involving a linear combination of
vectors.
4x1 - 5x2 - x3 = 1
4x1 + 2x3 = -4

7) For what values of h are the given vectors

linearly independent?
-4 -16
-2 , -8
8 h 1 -3 2
13) Let v1 = -3 , v2 = 8 , v3 = -2 .
5 6 8

Determine if the set {v1 , v2 , v3 } is linearly

independent.

1
 14) Determine if the columns of the matrix A = Determine the rank of the matrix.
-2 1 4 1 -2 3 -4
4 0 -4 are linearly independent. 22) 2 -4 11 -4
2 -6 -14 -3 6 -9 12

1 -3 0 -14
15) Let A = -4 0 2 and b = 14 . Find a basis for the column space of the matrix.
1 -4 4 -6 1 -2 2 -4
Define a transformation T: ℛ3 -> ℛ3 by T(x) = 23) B = 2 -4 7 -4
Ax. -3 6 -6 12
If possible, find a vector x whose image under
T is b. Otherwise, state that b is not in the
range of the transformation T. 1 0 0 1
24) The columns of I3 = 0 1 0 are e 1 = 0 , e 2
1 -3 2 5 0 0 1 0
16) Let A = -3 4 -1 and b = -4 . 0 0
2 -5 3 -3 = 1 , e3 = 0 .
0 1
Define a transformation T: ℛ -> ℛ3 by T(x) =
3
Ax.
Suppose that T is a linear transformation from
If possible, find a vector x whose image under
ℛ3into ℛ2 such that
T is b. Otherwise, state that b is not in the
range of the transformation T.
T( e 1 ) = 2 , T( e ) = 3 , and T( e )
2 3
-6 0
Describe geometrically the effect of the transformation T.
= -4 .
17) Let A = 1 0 . 1
3 1
Define a transformation T by T(x) = Ax.
Find a formula for the image of an arbitrary x
x1
Determine whether b is in the column space of A.
1 2 -3 3 = x2 in ℛ3 .
18) A = 1 4 -6 , b = 1 x3
-3 -2 5 -5
25) Let T be the linear transformation whose
Find a basis for the null space of the matrix. standard matrix is
1 0 -3 -2 1 -2 3
19) A = 0 1 3 -2 A = -1 3 -4 .
00 0 0 8 -7 -1
Determine whether the linear transformation T
is one-to-one and whether it maps ℛ3 onto ℛ3 .
Calculate the area of the parallelogram with the given
vertices. Find an LU factorization of the matrix A.
20) (0, 0), (3, 6), (11, 8), (8, 2) 5 2 3
26) A = 10 7 1
Compute the determinant of the matrix by cofactor 10 -5 20
expansion.
2 1 2
21) -2 -1 -4
4 7 3

2
Compute the determinant of the matrix by cofactor 32) Find all values of h such that y will be in the
expansion. subspace of ℛ3 spanned by v1 , v2 , v3 if v1 =
2 -2 6 4
1 3 -1 7
27) 2 1 7 1 , = , = , and =
2 v2 4 3 v 0 y 7 .
6 -6 14 14
-4 -8 0 h
-2 2 -6 1

Find a matrix A such that W = Col A.

-2s - 2t
28) Determine which of the following sets is a 33) W = : s, t in ℛ
3t
vector space.
2s + t
V is the line y = x in the xy-plane: V =
x : y=x
y For the given matrix A, find k such that Nul A is a
W is the union of the first and second subspace of ℛk and find m such that Col A is a subspace
quadrants in the xy-plane: W = x : y ≥ 0 of ℛm .
y 1 -2
U is the line y = x + 1 in the xy-plane: U = 0 6
x : y=x+1 34) A = -4 5
y -1 -3
-5 1
29) Let H be the set of all polynomials of the form
p(t) = a + bt2 where a and b are in ℛ and b > a.
Determine whether H is a vector space. If it is Determine if the vector u is in the column space of matrix
not a vector space, determine which of the A and whether it is in the null space of A.
following properties it fails to satisfy. -3 1 -3 4
A: Contains zero vector 35) u = -4 , A = -1 0 -5
B: Closed under vector addition 3 3 -3 6
C: Closed under multiplication by scalars

30) Let H be the set of all points in the xy-plane -2 1 0 3

having at least one nonzero coordinate: 36) u = 2 , A= -2 -1 -4
2 3 -3 0
H = x : x, y not both zero . Determine
y 4 -1 3 6
whether H is a vector space. If it is not a vector
space, determine which of the following
properties it fails to satisfy: Find a basis for the column space of the matrix.
A: Contains zero vector -1 3 7 2 0
B: Closed under vector addition
37) Let A = 1 -2 -7 -1 3 .
C: Closed under multiplication by scalars 2 -4 -9 -5 1
3 -6 -11 -9 -1
If the set W is a vector space, find a set S of vectors that
spans it. Otherwise, state that W is not a vector space.
a - 5b
31) W is the set of all vectors of the form 5 ,
6a + b
-a - b
where a and b are arbitrary real numbers.

3
Determine whether the set of vectors is a basis for ℛ3 . 44) Suppose a nonhomogeneous system of 20
1 0 linear equations in 23 unknowns has a
38) Given the set of vectors 0 , 1 , decide solution for all possible constants on the right
0 2 side of the equation. Is it possible to find 4
which of the following statements is true: nonzero solutions of the associated
homogeneous system that are linearly
A: Set is linearly independent and spans ℛ3 .
independent? Explain.
Set is a basis for ℛ3 .
B: Set is linearly independent but does not
45) Let B = b1 , b2 and C = c1 , c2 be bases for
span ℛ3 . Set is not a basis for ℛ3 .
ℛ2 , where
C: Set spans ℛ3 but is not linearly independent.
Set is not a basis for ℛ3 .
D: Set is not linearly independent and does not b1 = 3 , b2 = -2 , c1 = 1 , c2 = -4 .
1 -2 3 -10
span ℛ3 . Set is not a basis for ℛ3 .
Find the change-of-coordinates matrix from B
Find the coordinate vector [x]B of the vector x relative to to C.
the given basis B.
For the given matrix A, find a basis for the corresponding
39) b1 = 3 , b2 = 5 , x = 22 , and B =
1 -3 -2 eigenspace for the given eigenvalue.
b1 , b2 - 4 - 10 - 10
46) A = 0 6 10 , λ = -4
0 -5 -9
40) Find the dimension of the subspace H.
a + 2b + 3d
The characteristic polynomial of a 5 × 5 matrix is given
Let H = c+d : a, b, c, d in ℛ below. Find the eigenvalues and their multiplicities.
-3a - 6b + 4c - 5d
-c - d 47) λ5 - 17λ4 + 72λ3

48) Find a basis B for R2 and the B-matrix D for T

with the property that D is a diagonal matrix.
41) Determine which of the following statements
is false.
A = -42 -36
A: The dimension of the vector space P7 of 45 39
polynomials is 8.
B: Any line in ℛ3 is a one-dimensional 49) x′ = Ax, x(0) = -5 , where A = -3 -0.8
subspace of ℛ3 . 5 5 -3
C: If a vector space V has a basis B =
b1 , ......, b6 , then any set in V containing 7 50) x′ = Ax, x(0) = 5 , where A = -4 -3.125
vectors must be linearly dependent. 3.2 8 -4

Find a basis for the row space of the matrix A.

1 3 -4 0 1
42) A = 2 4 -5 -5 5 ,
1 -5 0 -3 2
-3 -1 8 3 -4

43) If A is a 5 × 7 matrix, what is the smallest

possible dimension of Nul A?

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Answer Key
Testname:

1) 19)
1 4 -2 3 3 2
0 1 3 4 -3 , 2
0 0 -7 -4 1 0
2) 0 1
1 0 3 0 17 20) 42
0 1 -2 0 -5 21) 20
0 0 0 1 5 22) 2
3) x1 = -4x2 - 3x3 + 12 23)
x2 is free 1 2
2 , 7
x3 is free
-3 -6
x4 = -4 24)
x5 = -4 x1
2x1 + 3x2 - 4x3
4) x1 = -3, x2 = -4 T x2 =
-6x1 + x3
5) No solution x3
6) x1 4 + x2 -5 + x3 -1 = 1 25) One-to-one; onto ℛ3
4 0 2 -4
1 0 0 5 2 3
7) Vectors are linearly independent for h ≠ 32
26) A = 2 1 0 0 3 -5
8) Vectors are linearly dependent for all h
2 -3 1 0 0 -1
9) Equation is consistent for all b1 , b2 , b3 satisfying 5b1
+ 4b2 + b3 = 0. 27) -120
10) 28) V only
x1 29) H is not a vector space; not closed under
-3
x2 = x3 multiplication by scalars and does not contain zero
3
vector
x3 1
30) H is not a vector space; fails to satisfy all three
11) properties
x1 31) Not a vector space
17 7/2
x2 = 7 + x3 2 32) h = -14
x3 0 1 33)
12) x1 = 600 - x4 -2 -2
0 3
x2 = 400 + x4
2 1
x3 = 300 - x4 34) k = 2, m = 5
x4 is free 35) In Col A, not in Nul A
x5 = 300 36) Not in Col A, not in Nul A
37)
13) Yes
-1 3 7
14) No
1 , -2 , -7
15)
2 -4 -9
-2
3 -6 -11
4
38) B
3
39)
16)
4
b is not in the range of the transformation T.
2
17) Vertical shear
40) dim H = 2
18) Yes
41) B
42) {(1, 3, -4, 0, 1), (0, -2, 3, -5, 3), (0, 0, -8, 17, -11)}
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Answer Key
Testname:

43) 2
44) No.
Since every nonhomogeneous equation Ax = b has a
solution, Col A spans ℛ20. So Dim Col A = 20. By the
Rank Theorem, dim Nul A = 23 - 20 = 3. So the
associated homogeneous system does not have more
than 3 linearly independent solutions.
45)
-13 6
-4 2
46)
1 0
0 , 1
0 -1
47) 0 (multiplicity 3), 8 (multiplicity 1), 9 (multiplicity 1)
48)
B= 1 , 4 , D = -6 0
-1 -5 0 3
49) x(t) = -2 sin 2t - 5 cos 2t e-3t
5 cos 2t - 12.5 sin 2t

50) x(t) = -2 sin 5t + 5 cos 5t e-4t

3.2 cos 5t + 8 sin 5t