CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter explained the methods and the procedures that were used in carrying out this
study under the following sub-headings;
a. Research Design;
b. Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques;
c. Research Instrumentation;
d. Procedure for Data Collection;
e. Data Analysis Techniques.
Research Design
Descriptive research design of survey type will be adopted for the study. Descriptive
research is concerned with the collection and analysis of data for the purpose of describing,
evaluating or comparing current event or prevailing practices, event or occurrence the way they
are. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method because it has the advantage of
coverings a wide scope, since a great deal of information can be obtained from large population.
Therefore, the choice of descriptive research design of the survey type makes it possible for the
researcher to make representative samples among the population of the study.
Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques
The study’s population I.e. the target population will comprise Teachers from public
primary schools in IlorinISouth Local Government Area. There are 66public schools in Ilorin
South Local Government Area, and the total population of the Teachers is 2200(Ilorin South
LGEA,2025). Sample of the population would be drawn from 15% of the schools, which implies
Ten schools. Simple Random sampling technique will be employed to selectively sample
Teachers’, 100 Teachers will be drawn who will comprise the study’s sample. This sampling
approach is deemed suitable due to its efficiency, as it enables the researcher to focus on a
smaller, yet more targeted and information-rich group of participants.
Instrumentation
The instrument to be used for collecting data in this study would be a researcher designed
questionnaire titled: influence of screen time on primary school pupils academic attitude. The
questionnaire consisted of two section, A and B. Section A of the Questionnaire would elicits
information on the demographic characteristics of the respondents; while section B would elicit
information on the influence of screen time on primary school pupils academic attitude The
questionnaire was a close- ended of four points. Likert rating scale format of; Very True( VT),
True(T), Very Untrue(VU), Untrue (U).
In order to ascertain the Validity of the instrument, three (3) drafted copies of questionnaire
will be given to three (3) experts in the Department of Adult and Primary Education, University
of Ilorin, Nigeria. Their suggestions and comments in line with the researcher’s supervisor were
used to make the final draft of the instrument.
To ascertain the Reliability of the instrument, questionnaires would be administered to 20
pupils’ outside Ilorin East and it will be re-administered to the same set of pupils’ after two
weeks interval. Personal Products Moment Correlation (PPMC) would be used to analyze the
data and to determine the reliability of the instrument.
Procedure for Data Collection
A letter of introduction would be collected from the Department of Adult and Primary
Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin. This letter will serve as a formal request
for permission and cooperation from the authorities of the selected schools. Following the
submission of the introductory letter, the researcher will establish contact with the relevant
school administrators to secure permission for the study. Upon obtaining permission, the
researcher will clearly explain the study’s purpose to the respondents, after which the
questionnaire will be administered with the assistance of a research assistant. This approach will
enable the researcher to interact more effectively with the respondents and ensure a smooth data
collection process. The illiterate respondents would be guided by researcher.
Data Analysis Techniques
The data collected would be coded through SPSS (version 20.0). Descriptive statistics would
be used to analyze the demographic data of the respondents, and answer the research question,
while inferential statistics of t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) would be used to test the
hypotheses generated at 0.05 level of significance.
