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General awareness has always been taken at the lighter side by many of the candidates not realizing that how major it
can be in SSC Exams. General awareness is not something you can expect to master in a day. But from an exam point
of view, if you spend time consistently, you can perform well in it in relatively less time as compared to Quantitative
Aptitude and Reasoning section. So, keeping the upcoming SSC Exam 2019 in mind, below is a link to the Physics
Digest and we assure you that not even a single question from physics section will be asked from outside this Physics
Digest.
The Physics 2019 includes all the Physics topics you should be aware of for the upcoming NAVAL DOCKYARD
APPRENTICE EXAM, SSC Exam 2019

GENERAL SCIENCE PHYSICS

WORK
Work is said to be done, if force acting on a body is able SATELLITE
to actually move it through some distance in the direction Satellites are natural or artificial bodies revolving
of the force. Its SI unit is a joule. around a planet under its gravitational force of
attraction.
ENERGY Moon is a natural satellite, while INSAT-B is an
Energy is a scalar quantity and its unit is Joule. artificial satellite of Earth.
The sum of all kinds of energies in an isolated system The period of revolution of satellite revolving near the
remains constant at all times. This is the law of surface of earth is 1 hour 24 minutes (34 minutes).
conservation of energy. Geo-stationary satellite revolves around the Earth at
a height 36000 km (approx).
POWER Time period of rotation of geo-stationary satellite is 24
hours.
Its unit is watt.
1 watt hour = 3600 Joule The Earth rotates on its axis from West to East. This
rotation makes the Sun and the stars appear to be
1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 x 106 joule
moving across the sky from East to West.
1HP = 746 watt
A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in
geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period the same
GRAVITATION
as the Earth's rotation period.
Everybody in the universe attracts other body by a
force called force of gravitation.  A special case of geosynchronous satellite is the
geostationary satellite, which has a geostationary
The gravitational force of the earth is called gravity.
orbit – a circular geosynchronous orbit directly above
The acceleration produced in a body due to force of the Earth's equator.
gravity is called acceleration due to gravity (g) and
Geo-stationary satellite is used to telecast. TV
its value is 9.8 m/s'
programmes from one part of the world to another, in
Acceleration due to gravity is independent of shape, weather forecasting, in predictions of floods and
size and mass of the body. droughts.
Escape velocity is the minimum velocity with, which
Polar Satellite Revolves around the earth in polar orbit
an object just crosses the Earth's gravitational field
at a height of 800km (app.) Time periods of these
and never returns. Escape velocity at the Earth's
satellites is 84 min.
surface is 11.2 km/s.
Escape velocity at the Moon's surface is 2.4 km/s.
Due to low escape velocity there is no atmosphere on ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
the moon.
Value of g decreases with height or depth from Earth
Cathode Rays
surface.
g is maximum at poles. Cathode rays, discovered by Sir William Crooke
g is minimum at equator. and its properties are
g decreases due to rotation of Earth. travel in straight lines.
g decreases if angular speed of Earth increases and Produce fluorescence.
increases if angular speed of Earth decreases.
can penetrate through thin foils of metal and deflected
The acceleration due to gravity at the moon is one- by both electric and magnetic fields.
sixth that of the Earth. So, the weight of a person on
have velocity ranging 1/30th to 1/10th of the
the surface of the moon will be 1/6 of his actual
velocity of light.
weight on the Earth.
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 Positive or Canal Rays Heavy water, graphite and beryllium oxide are used
These rays were discovered by Goldstein. to slow down the fast moving neutrons. They are
The positive ray consists of positively charged called moderate.
particles. Uses of Nuclear Reactor
These rays travel in straight line. (i) To produce electrical energy from the energy
These rays are deflected by electric and magnetic released during fission.
fields. (ii) To produce different isotopes, this can be used
These rays can produce ionization in gases. medical, physical and agriculture science.

X-Rays There are several components of nuclear reactor

X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelength which are as follows
range 0.1 A-100 A. Fissionable Fuel U235 or U239 is used.
X-rays were discovered by Roentgen. Moderator decreases the energy of neutrons, so that
X-rays travels in straight line. they can be further used for fission reaction.
 Long exposures of X – rays in injurious for human Heavy water and graphite are used as moderator.
body. Control Rod rods of cadmium or boron are used to
 X – rays shows photoelectric effect. absorb the excess neutrons produced in fission of
uranium nucleus, so that the chain reaction.
Uses of X-Rays
In medical sciences X-rays are used in surgery for
the detection of fracture, diseased organs, foreign NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
matter like bullet, stones etc. They are used in First Law: Everybody maintains its initial state of rest
treatment of cancer and in skin diseases. or motion with uniform speed on a straight line unless
In Engineering, X-rays are used in detecting faults, an external force acts on it. It is also called Galileo's
cracks, flaws and gas pockets in the finished metal law or law of inertia.
products and in heavy metal sheets. Example While jumping from a slowly moving
In Scientific Work, X-rays are used in studying train/bus one must run for short distance, in the
crystal structure and complex molecules. direction of motion.
In Custom Department X-rays are used in custom Second Law: The form acting on an object is directly
department for detection of banned materials kept proportioned to the product of the mass of the object
hidden. and the acceleration produced on it.
Third Law: To every action, there is an equal and
Radioactivity opposite reaction.
Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Becquerel,
Example : Bogies of the trains are provided with
Madame Curie and Pierre Curie for which they
buffers to avoid severe jerks during shunting of trains.
jointly won Nobel Prize.
Rocket moves up due to reaction of downward
ejection of gas.
Nuclear Fission
Atom Bomb is based on nuclear fission. U235 and Pu239 CIRCULAR MOTION
are used as fissionable material. When an object moves along a circular path, its
Nuclear fission was first demonstrated by Halin and motion is called circular motion.
Fritz Strassmann. The external force required to act radially inward over
the circular motion of the body is called Centripetal
Nuclear Fusion force.
When two or more light nuclei combined together to Centrifugal force is such a pseudo force that. is
form a heavier nucleus is called as nuclear fusion. equal and opposite to Centripetal force.
For the nuclear fusion, a temperature of the order of Cream separator, centrifugal dryer work on the
108 K is required. principle of centrifugal force.
Hydrogen Bomb was made by the American
Scientist in 1952. This is based on nuclear fusion. FRICTION
It is 1000 times more powerful than atom bomb. In the opposing force that is set-up between the
surfaces of contact, when one body slides or rolls or
Nuclear Reactor or Atomic Pile tends to do so on the surface of another body.
Nuclear reactor is an arrangement, in which controlled Due to friction, we are able to move on the surface of
nuclear fission reaction takes place. Earth.
First nuclear reactor was established in Chicago While applying brakes in automobiles, it stops only
University under the supervision of Prof Enrico due to friction.
Fermi.

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 Pascal's Law of Pressure Transverse Waves
• Hydraulic lift, hydraulic press and hydraulic brakes are In this wave, the particles of the medium vibrate
based on the Pascal's law of pressure. perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave.
Waves on strings under tension, waves on the surface
of water are the examples of transverse waves.
Archimedes Principle
When a body is immersed partly or wholly in a liquid, Electromagnetic Waves
there is an apparent loss in the weight of the body, The waves, which do not require medium for their
which is equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the propagation i.e., which can propagate even through
body. the vacuum are called electromagnetic waves.
• The weight of water displaced by an iron ball is less Light radio waves, X-rays etc are the examples of
electromagnetic wave. These waves propagate with
than its own weight. Whereas water displaced by the
the velocity of light in vacuum.
immersed portion of a ship is equal to its weight. So,
small ball of iron ball sink in water, but large ship float.
Sound Waves
• A fat person will quickly learn the swimming as
Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves. Eased on
compared to a slim person because he will displace
their frequency range sound waves are divided into
more water. So, it will be more balanced.
following categories.
Hydrogen filled balloon float in air because hydrogen The sound waves which lie in the frequency range 20
is lighter than air. A person can lift more weight in Hz to 20000 Hz are called audible waves.
water. The sound waves having frequencies less than 20 Hz
are called infrasonic
WAVE The sound waves having frequencies greater than
20000 Hz are called ultrasonic waves.
Ultrasonic waves are used for sending signals,
A wave is a disturbance, which propagates energy from
measuring the depth of see, cleaning clothes and
one place to the other without the transportation of
machinery parts, remaining lamp short from chimney
matter.
of factories and in ultrasonography.
Waves are broadly of two types:
Mechanical wave (longitudinal wave and transverse Speed of Sound
wave) Speed of sound is maximum in solids minimum in
Electromagnetic wave gases.
Following are the electromagnetic (Non-mechanical) When sound goes from one medium to another
waves- medium, its speed and wave length changes, but
a. Gama rayas (Highest frequency) frequency remain unchanged. The speed of sound
remains unchanged by the increase or decrease of
b. X-rays pressure.
c. UV rays The speed of sound increases with the increase of
d. Visible radiation temperature of the medium.
e. infra-red rays The speed of sound is more in humid air than in dry
f. short radio waves air because the density of humid air is less than the
density.
g. Long radio waves (Lowest frequency)
All are in decreasing order of the frequency Echo: The repetition of sound due to reflection of sound
Following waves are not electromagnetic. waves is called an echo.
a. Cathode rays Intensity: It is defined as amount of energy passing
normally per unit area held around that point per source
b. Canal rays
unit time.
c. alpha rays
Pitch: The sensation of a frequency is commonly referred
d. beta rays to as the pitch of a sound.
e. sound wave Sonar: It stands for sound navigation and ranging. It is
f. ultrasonic wave used to measure the depth of a sea, to locate the enemy
submarines and shipwrecks.
Longitudinal Waves
Doppler's Effect
In this wave the particles of the medium vibrate in the
direction of propagation of wave. If there is a relative motion between source of sound and
observer, the apparent frequency of sound heard by the
Waves on springs or sound waves in air are examples
observer is different from the actual frequency of sound
of longitudinal waves.
emitted by the source. 1 his phenomenon is called
Doppler's Effect.

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 LIGHT Uses of Convex Mirror
Light is a form of energy, which is propagated as
(i) As a rear-view mirror in vehicle because it provides
electromagnetic wave.
the maximum rear field of view and image formed is
It is the radiation which make our eyes able to 'see always erect.
the object. Its speed is 3 x 108 m/s. It is the form (ii) In sodium reflector lamp.
of energy. It is a transverse wave.
It takes 8 min 19s to reach on the earth from the
sun and the light reflected from moon takes 1.28s to Refraction of Light
reach earth. The bending of the ray of light passing from one
Primary Colours- Blue, Red, Green medium to other medium is called refraction. When a
ray of light enters from one medium to other medium,
Secondary Colours- The coloured produced my
its frequency and phase do not change, but
mixing any two primary colors
wavelength and velocity change. Due to refraction
Complementary Colours- Any two colours when form Earth's atmosphere, the stars appear to twinkle.
added produce white light.
Blue colour of sky is due to scattering of light. Critical Angle
The brilliant red colour of rising and setting sun is due  The angle of incidence in a denser medium for which
to scattering of light. the angle of refraction in rarer medium becomes 90°,
Human Eye is called the critical angle.
Least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm.
Myopia or short sightedness- far objects cannot see Total Internal Reflection
clear Sparkling of diamond, mirage and looming, shinning
Hyperopia or hypermetropia or Long-sightedness- of air bubble in water and optical Fiber are examples
Near objects cannot see clear of total internal reflection.
Presbyopia- in elder person, both far and near Power of a lens
cannot see clear  Power of a lens is its capacity to deviate a ray. It
is measured as the reciprocal of the focal length
Reflection of Light in meters.
 SI Unit of Power is diopter.
When a ray of light falls on a boundary separating two
media comes back into the same media, then this
phenomenon is called reflection of light.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Reflection from Plane Mirror Charge

If an object moves towards a plane mirror with speed Charge is the basic property associated with matter due
v, relative to the object the moves towards it with a to which it produces and experiences electrical and
speed 2v. magnetic effects. Similar charges repel each other and
To see his full image in a plane mirror, a person opposite charges attract each other. The SI unit of charge
required a mirror of at least half of his height. is coulomb.

Conductor: Conductors are those materials, which allow

Spherical Mirror electricity to pass through them. Metals like silver, iron,
Spherical mirrors are of two types copper and earth acts like a conductor. Silver is the best
conductor.
1. Concave mirror
2. Convex mirror Insulator: Insulators are those materials which do not
Image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual, allow electricity to flow through them. Metals like wood,
erect and diminished. paper, mica, glass, ebonite are insulators.
Image formed by a concave mirror is generally real
and inverted. Electric Current
Its unit is Ampere. It is a scalar quantity.
Uses of Concave Mirror An electric bulb makes a bang when it is broken
(i) As a shaving mirror because there is a vacuum inside the electric bulb,
when the bulb is broken air rushes at great speed from
(ii) As a reflector for the head lights of a vehicle, search
all sides to fill the vacuum. The rushing of air produces
light
a noise generally referred to as the bang.
(iii) In ophthalmoscope to examine eye, ear, nose by Shunt is a wire of very small resistance
doctors. A Galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by
(iv) In solar cookers. connecting a shunt parallel to it.
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A Galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass
connecting a very high resistance in its series. required to raise the temperature by one degree
The sodium and mercury street lamps light up due to Celsius.
atomic emission.  Consider 1 kg of water at 0 ºC. When it is heated from
The purpose of choke coil in fluorescent is to produce 0 ºC, it actually contracts rather than expanding, up
high voltage to ionize the gas in the tube required for to 4 ºC. The volume of water is minimum at 4 ºC.
high current to flow through filament. Beyond 4 ºC, water starts expanding. This behaviour
of water between 0 ºC and 4 ºC is called anomalous
expansion of water.
Magnetism Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of
Diamagnetic substance- when placed in magnetic change of the temperature of an object is
field, acquire feeble magnetism opposite to the proportional to the difference between its own
direction of the magnetic field. temperature and the ambient temperature (i.e. the
Examples- Gold, Diamond, Copper, Water, Mercury temperature of its surroundings).
etc. Hoar Frost-is the reverse process of sublimation.
Paramagnetic substance- when placed in magnetic
field, acquire feeble magnetism in the direction of the MEASUREMENT UNITS
magnetic field. Angstrom : For measuring length of light waves
Example- Al, Na, Mn etc.  Barrel : For measuring liquids. One barrel is equal to
Ferromagnetic substance-when placed in magnetic 31½ gallons or 7,326.5 cubic inches
field, are strongly magnetized in the direction of the Cable: For measuring length of cables. It is about
magnetic field. 183m. in length
Carat : Used for measuring precious stones. It is also
Examples- Iron, Cobalt, Nickle
a measure for the purity of gold alloy
Curie temp- the Curie temperature (TC), or Curie
Fathom : It is used for measuring depth of water.
point, is the temperature at which certain materials
One fathom is equal to 4 inches
lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be
replaced by induced magnetism. Knot: For measuring speed of ships
Isogonic lines are lines on the Earth's surface along
which the declination has the same constant value, SOME CONVERSION FACTORS
and lines along which the declination is zero are
called agonic lines.
Mass and Density
Isoclinic lines are imaginary lines on the earth's
surface connecting points where the earth's magnetic 1 Kg = 1000 g = 6.02 u
field has the same angle. 1 Slug = 14.6 kg
The aclinic line is the magnetic equator, where the 1 u = 1.66 kg
magnetic field is inclined neither north or south, so
it's a special case of an isoclinic line. Length and Volume
Isodynamic line- A line on a map connecting points 1 m = 100 cm = 39.4 inch = 3.28 ft
of equal strength of the earth's magnetic field. 1 mile = 1.61 km = 5280 ft
1 inch = 2.54 cm
Surface Tension and capillary 1 nm = m = 10 A
Lubricating oil spread easily on all parts because of 1 pm = m = 1000 fm
their low surface tension. 1 light year = 9.46 m
Dirt get removed when detergents are added while 1 = 1000 L = 35.3 = 264 gal
washing clothes because surface tension of water is
reduced. Angular Measure
The absorption of ink by a blotting paper is due to
capillary action 1 m/s = 3.28 ft/ s = 2.24 mi / h
The supply of water to the leaves at the top of even 1 km / h = 0.621 mi / h = 0.278 m/s
a tall tree is through capillary rise.
Force and Pressure
Heat 1 lb = 4.45 N
Unit of heat- 1 ton = 2000 lb
C.G.S- Calorie 1 Pa = 1 N/ = 10 dyne/ = 1.45 lb/
F.P.S- British Thermal Unit (B. Th. U)
 1 atm = 1.01 x 105 Pa = 14.7 lb/ = 76 cm – Hg
Absolute Zero Temp- minus 273 K (-273 K)
1 calorie= 4.2 J

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 SOME IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

Accumulator: Electrical energy is stored

Altimeter: Used in aircraft for measuring altitudes
Ammeter: Measuring the electrical current in amperes
Anemometer: Measuring the strength of winds
Audiometer: Measuring intensity of wind
Audiophone: It is used for improving imperfect sense of hearing.
Barometer: Measuring atmospheric pressure
Binocular: An optical instrument designed for magnified view of distant objects by both eyes simultaneously
Bolometer: To measure heat radiation
Cardiogram: For recording the heart movements
Calorimeter: Measuring of quantities of heat
Chronometer: A clock that keeps very accurate time as the one that is used to determine longitude at sea.
Colorimeter: An instrument for comparing intensities of colour.
Commutator: An instrument to change or remove the direction of an electric current, in dynamo used to convert
alternating current into direct current.
Cyclotron: Studying the properties of atoms by smashing them.
Dynamo: A device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
Dynamometer: An instrument for measuring the electrical power
Electroscope: An instrument for detecting the presence of electric charge.
Endoscope: To examine internal parts of the body
Fathometer: Measure depth of the ocean
Galvanometer: For detecting and measuring electric current
Hygrometer: Measure level of humidity
Phonograph: For reproducing sound
Pyrometer: Measure very high temperature
Quartz Clock: A highly accurate clock used in astronomical observations and other precision work
Radar: Radio, angle, detection and range is used to detect the direction and range of an approaching aeroplane by
means of radio micro waves
Radiometer: An instrument for measuring the emission of radiant energy
Radio Micrometer: An instrument for measuring heat radiations
Rain Gauge: An instrument for measuring rainfall
Rectifier: An instrument used for the conversion of AC into DC.
Refractometer: An instrument used to measure the refractive index of a substance
Resistance Thermometer: Used for determining the electrical resistance of conductors
Salinometer: A type of hydrometer used to determine the concentration of salt solutions by measuring their
densities
Seismometer (Seismograph): An Apparatus for measuring and recording earthquake shock
Sextant: For guiding ships or surveying land.
Spectroscope: An instrument used for spectrum analysis
Speedometer: It registers the speed at which the vehicle is moving
Spherometer: For measuring curvature of surfaces
Sphygmomanometer: An instrument used to detect blood pressure in a human body. It is also called B.P.Apparatus
Sphygmophone: Instrument with the help of which, a pulse beat makes a sound
Spring Balance: Useful for measuring weight
Stereoscope: It is used to view two dimensional pictures.
Stethoscope: An instrument which is used by the doctors to hear and analyze heart and lung sounds.
Stroboscope: It is used to view rapidly moving objects.
Tachometer: An instrument used in measuring speeds of aero planes and motor boats.
Teleprinter: This instrument receives and sends typed messages from one place to another.
Telescope: It views distant objects in space.
Theodolite: It measures horizontal and vertical angles.
Transistor: A small device which may be used to amplify currents and perform other functions usually performed
by a thermionic valve
Vernier: An adjustable scale for measuring small sub divisions of scale
Viscometer: For measuring viscosity
Voltmeter: To measure potential difference between two points
Udometer: Rain guage
(7)
 Some Previous Year Questions asked in SSC Exams

1. SI unit of luminous intensity is ? 6. If the temperature inside a room is increased,

A. lumen B. lux the relative humidity will ?
C. candela D. watt A. increase B. decrease
Ans. C C. remain unchanged D. none of these
Luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength- Ans. B
weighted power emitted by a light source in a
This is because temperatures in the home can be
particular direction per unit solid angle, based on
much different than the temperature outside. This
the luminosity function, a standardized model of the
is because of that important relationship between
sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of
temperature and how much maximum moisture can
luminous intensity is the candela (cd).
be in the air.
2. If a bomb dropped from an airplane explodes
7. In a transistor, the base is .
in mid-air ?
A. its KE increases A. an insulator
B. its total energy increases B. a conductor of low resistance
C. its total energy decreases C. a conductor of high resistance
D. its total momentum decreases D. an extrinsic semiconductor
Ans. A Ans. D
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical
work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass power. It is composed of semiconductor material
from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this with at least three terminals for connection to an
energy during its acceleration, the body maintains external circuit.
this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. 8. Nights are cooler in the deserts than in the
3. Fat can be separated from milk in a cream plains because .
separator because of ? A. Sand radiates heat more quickly than the earth
A. cohesive force B. gravitational force
B. The sky remains clear most of the time
C. centripetal force D. centrifugal force
C. Sand absorbs heat more quickly than the earth
Ans. D
D. Of none of the above reasons
The centrifugal separator was invented in 1897. By
the turn of the century it had altered the dairy Ans. A
industry by making centralised dairy processing Because desert air contains less moisture and
possible for the first time. It also allowed removal because cloud cover is less frequent in deserts,
of cream and recovery of the skim milk in a fresh temperatures vary more widely between day and
state. night in deserts than in other areas. Deserts may
4. Melting point of ice . experience temperature variations of 30-40
A. increases with increase of pressure degrees between day and night (vs 20-30 degrees
B. decreases with increase of pressure in other areas), this means a nighttime low of 70-
80 degrees after a 110-degree day
C. is independent of pressure
D. None of these 9. When we hear a sound, we can identify its
source from .
Ans. B
The melting point of ice at 1 atmosphere of pressure A. wave length of sound
is very close to 0 °C (32 °F, 273.15 K); this is also B. the overtones present in the sound
known as the ice point. C. the intensity of sound
5. Radioactivity was discovered by ? D. the amplitude of sound
A. J.J. Thomson B. W.Roentgen Ans. B
C. H.Becquerel D. M. Curie An overtone is any frequency higher than the
Ans. C fundamental frequency of a sound. Using the model
Antoine-Henri Becquerel is known for his discovery of Fourier analysis, the fundamental and the
of radioactivity, for which he received the Nobel overtones together are called partials. Harmonics,
Prize for Physics in 1903. or more precisely, harmonic partials, are partials
Unstable atomic nuclei will spontaneously whose frequencies are integer multiples of the
decompose to form nuclei with a higher stability. fundamental.
The decomposition process is called radioactivity.

(8)
10. A boy is standing in front of a plane mirror at 15. The wire having a green plastic covering is a
a distance of 3 m from it. What is the distance .
between the boy and his image? A. Line wire B. Neutral wire
A. 3 m B. 6 m C. Earth wire D. None of these
C. 4.5 m D. None of these Ans. C
Ans. B The earth wire is a crucial part of the home electrical
The image formed by a plane mirror is always system and is designed to protect against electric
virtual upright, and of the same shape and size as shock.
the object it is reflecting. A virtual image is a copy 16. The working principle of a Washing Machine is
of an object formed at the location from which the .
light rays appear to come A. Centrifugation B. Dialysis
11. Energy is continuously generated in the sun C. Reverse osmosis D. Diffusion
due to . Ans. A
A. Nuclear fusion B. Nuclear fission Washing machine works on the principle of
C. Radioactivity D. Artificial radioactivity centrifugal force.
Ans. A 17. Sound and light waves both .
Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or A. have similar wavelength
more atomic nuclei come very close and then collide B. obey the laws of reflection
at a very high speed and join to form a new type of C. travel as longitudinal waves
atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not D. travel through vacuum
conserved because some of the matter of the fusing Ans. B
nuclei is converted to photons. The two laws of reflection of light are applicable to
12. Hydrogen bomb is based upon the principle of sound waves as well. The incident wave, the normal
. to the reflecting surface and the reflected wave at
A. Nuclear fission the point of incidence lie in the same plane. The
B. Nuclear fusion angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
C. Controller nuclear reaction ∠ r.
D. None of these 18. In an electric motor, the energy
Ans. B transformation is from .
The hydrogen bomb eventually relies upon atomic A. electrical to chemical
fusion (adding to the atomic nucleus) to release B. chemical to light
energy. Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which C. mechanical to electrical
two or more atomic nuclei come very close and then D. electrical to mechanical
collide at a very high speed and join to form a new Ans. D
type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter An electric motor is an electrical machine that
is not conserved because some of the matter of the converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
fusing nuclei is converted to photons The reverse of this would be the conversion of
13. The south pole of the earth’s magnet is near mechanical energy into electrical energy and is
the geographical . done by an electric generator.
A. south B. east 19. The focal length of a plane mirror is .
C. west D. north A. Positive B. Negative
Ans. D C. Zero D. Infinity
The South Pole of the Earth's magnet is in the Ans. D
geographical North because it attracts the North A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective
Pole of the suspended magnet and vice versa. Thus, surface. The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity.
there is a magnetic S-pole near the geographical Its optical power is zero.
North, and a magnetic N-pole near the geographical 20. A dynamo converts .
South A. Mechanical energy into sound energy
14. Number of basic SI unit is . B. Mechanical energy into electrical energy
A. 4 B. 7 C. Electrical energy into mechanical energy
C. 6 D. 5 D. None of these
Ans. B Ans. B
International System of Units (SI) is the modern The dynamo, by attaching it in between the two
metric system of measurement and the dominant tires, converts the mechanical energy (which of
system of international commerce and trade. It has course, is produced by paddling) into electrical
seven base units. energy, and by connecting the wires going out of
the dynamo to light, it glows without any flaw.

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21. Which of the following is used in oven? 27. The technique used by bats to find their way
A. X-rays B. UV-rays or to locate food is .
C. Microwaves D. Radio waves A. SONAR B. RADAR
C. Echolocation D. Flapping
Ans. C
Ans. C
An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for
Bats use echolocation to navigate and find food in
the heating, baking or drying of a substance and
the dark. To echolocate, bats send out sound waves
most commonly used for cooking.
from their mouth or nose. When the sound waves
22. Decibel is the unit of . hit an object they produce echoes
A. Speed of light B. Intensity of sound 28. Radian per second is unit of .
C. Intensity of heat D. None of these A. Momentum B. Moment of Inertia
Ans. B C. Frequency D. Angle Velocity
Decibel (dB) unit is used for expressing the ratio Ans. D
between two amounts of electric or acoustic power The SI unit of angular velocity is radians per second.
for measuring the relative loudness of sounds. 29. Which law states, "The rate of loss of heat by
23. The ozone layer in the atmosphere is at a a body is directly proportional to the
height of about . difference in temperature between the body
and the surroundings"?
A. 25 km B. 50 km
A. Doppler's Effect
C. 100 km D. 200 km
B. Newton's law of cooling
Ans. B C. Kirchhoff's Law
Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's D. Stefan's Law
atmosphere. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a Ans. B
layer that begins between 10 to 17 kilometers Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of
above the Earth's surface and extends up to about
change of the temperature of an object is
50 kilometers proportional to the difference between its own
24. A camera uses a to form an temperature and the ambient temperature.
image on a piece of film at the back. 30. The loudness of sound depends upon .
A. convex lens B. concave lens A. Velocity B. Pitch
C. diverging lens D. none of these C. Amplitude D. Wavelength
Ans. A Ans. C
A camera consists of three main parts. Loudness is the characteristic of a sound that is
primarily a psychological correlate of physical
 The body which is light tight and contains all the
strength (amplitude).
mechanical parts.
31. SI Unit of Time is .
 The lens which is a convex lens.
A. Second B. Meter
 The film or a charged couple device in the case C. Kilogram D. Angstrom
of a digital camera.
Ans. A
25. Newton is used to measure . The SI unit of time is second, symbol is (s).
A. Speed B. Volume 32. SI unit for the surface tension is .
C. Force D. Area A. kg/m2 B. kg/m3
Ans. C C. N/m D. kg/m
The newton (N) is the International System of Units Ans. C
(SI) derived unit of force. It is named after Isaac Surface tension is measured in force per unit length.
Newton in recognition of his work on classical Its SI unit is newton per meter.
mechanics, specifically Newton's second law of 33. A player making a long jump is an example of
motion. .
26. X- rays are waves. A. Projectile motion B. Rotatory motion
A. Longitudinal B. Transverse C. Spinning motion D. Horizontal motion
C. Electromagnetic D. Elastic Ans. A
Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an
Ans. C
object or particle is thrown near the earth's surface
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation as and it moves along a curved path under the action
are radio waves. of gravity only.

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34. The angular velocity depends upon the rate of A rocket works by expelling gases from one end at
change of the . a very high velocity. The escaping gases have a
A. Angular Distance very high speed and this with their mass translates
B. Angular acceleration to a very large momentum. Due to the principle of
conservation f momentum the body of the rocket is
C. Angular Displacement
pushed forward. If both the momentum of the gases
D. torque as well as that of the rocket are added the sum is
Ans. C zero.
The angular velocity is defined as the rate of change 37. Sound waves in air are .
of angular displacement and is a vector quantity A. transverse B. longitudinal
which specifies the angular speed of an object and
C. electromagnetic D. polarised
the axis about which the object is rotating.
Ans. B
35. Radio waves, microwaves, infra-red spectrum,
ultraviolet rays, X-rays and gamma rays are Sound can propagate through compressible media
classified as . such as air, water and solids as longitudinal waves
and also as a transverse wave in solids.
A. light waves
38. Who among the following is the scalar
B. electromagnetic waves
quantity .
C. electric waves
A. force B. pressure
D. magnetic waves
C. velocity D. acceleration
Ans. B
Ans. B
Electromagnetic radiation is the radiant energy
Pressure is a scalar quantity. It relates the vector
released by certain electromagnetic processes. It
surface element with the normal force acting on it.
consists of electromagnetic waves which are
synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic 39. Sound of frequency below 20 Hz is called
fields that propagate at the speed of light through .
a vacuum. A. audio sounds B. infrasonic
36. A rocket works on the principle of C. ultrasonic D. supersonics
conservation of . Ans. B
A. mass B. linear momentum The term "infrasonic" applied to sound refers to
C. energy D. angular momentum sound waves below the frequencies of audible
Ans. B sound and nominally includes anything under 20
Hz.

***

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