METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODCTION

This section of the research study includes detailed explanation of analysis of the research

design, data collection, techniques and data analysis, population and sample data used in the

study.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The present study was aimed to study the attitude of primary and secondary school teachers

towards the use of information and communication technology in teaching. For this purpose

Descriptive Survey Method was used. For the purpose of data collection a sample of 150 school

teachers was drawn from 10 different schools of Lucknow district by using appropriate sampling

technique.

The purpose of the present study was to study the attitude of primary and secondary school

teachers towards the use of Information and communication technology.

Therefore, researcher used Dr. (Mrs) Nasrin and Dr. (Mrs) Fatima Islahi Attitude Scale towards

Information technology for teachers and a self constructed Likert type attitude scale for primary

school teacher attitude towards the Information and communication technology (ICT).
3.3 POPULATION

A population is any group of the individuals that has one or more characteristics in common and

that are of interest to the researcher. A population is defined as a group of individuals with at

least one common characteristic which distinguishes that group from other individuals. The term

population, in statistical point of view, it means the whole of total quantity of something. It

means the universe of something. Population generally means the aggregate or totality or whole

of something, or total number of things, beings, and matters etc. It is the whole quantity. In

research, generally the whole or universe or the totality never can be studied within a very short

periods of time. Therefore, for systematic and scientific study, samples are collected according to

the demand and necessity of research problems undertaken for the study.

The population consisted of 147 teachers in 8 schools of Lucknow.

3.3.1 SAMPLE

A sample is a portion of a population which is selected for the purpose of study or investigation.

Since in educational research or other disciplines of behavioral sciences, it is neither practically

expedient nor scientifically desirable to approach the total population, the technique of

population being tapped, only a part of the population is drawn and studied. Thus, a sample is a
subset of population units consisting of three elements the members or unit selected, the

information or data collected and inference or generalizations made.

A sample thus is a miniature part of the whole or universe, i.e. the population. In research,

specifically in quantitative research, a sample is representation of the population. In a sense, it is

smaller representation of the whole. By the observation or systematic of the small amount,

number or quantity, the investigator can make certain inferences or can definitely make general

conclusion about the characteristics, quality or attribute of the population or the universe or the

totality from which the specific small amount or number is taken out or selected. Therefore, the

investigator has taken due care in selecting the appropriate sample technique. The random

sample technique was used for selecting the sample of the present study. A representative of the

study includes 75 primary teachers and 72 secondary teachers of Lucknow.

3.4 TOOLS

The main objective of the present study was the study of the attitude of primary and secondary

school teachers towards ICT. Therefore a tool consists of the self made primary teacher attitude

scale of 15 items in which there are 8 positive and 7 negative items and secondary tool

developed by Dr. (Mrs.) Nasrin and Dr. (Mrs.) Fatima Islahi Attitude scale of 30 items in

which there are 18 positive & 12 negative items. Each item is provided with five alternatives.

Responses are obtained on the booklet itself. There is no time limit but generally 15 minutes

have been found sufficient for responding all items.

3.5 SCORING
The respondents were asked to indicate the response to the response to the items by marking any

one of the five response options:

Table No.1 The scoring of items

POSITIVE ITEMS RESPONSE NEGATIVE ITEMS

5 STRONGLY AGREE 1

4 AGREE 2

3 UNDECIDED 3

2 DISAGREE 4

1 STRONGLY DISAGREE 5

3.6 DATA COLLECTION

For collecting a systematic data, it was essential to approach subject personally. For this first of

all, prior to the administration of the instrument the investigator sought the permission from the
Principals of the different primary and secondary schools in Lucknow to undertake the study.

With their consent the investigator administered the tool to them.

After contacting primary and secondary teacher, the investigator explained the objective of the

study to them. The respondents were assured that the information provided by them would be

kept confidential. Then the investigator distributed all the tests and information sheet among the

teachers. They were asked to go through general instructions given on the front page of the

booklet form tests. The teachers were asked to read the statements carefully and requested to

give their responses. The teachers were given full freedom to ask the meaning of difficult word

or sentences which are beyond their understanding. After completion, it was collected from the

teachers. The booklets were carefully checked by the investigator whether all the items were

answered or not.

3.7 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE

The analysis of the data was done by using quantitative techniques. The analysis has been carried

out by using statistical techniques which were chosen only after the investigator found it to be

most appropriate and compatible to the data. Each statistical technique is based upon its own

specific assumption regarding the nature of the sample, its universe and research condition like

computation of means and standard deviation.

3.8. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The following limitations were considered in the content of the present study:

1. The study was limited to ICT schools only.

3. It was further limited to schools of Lucknow district only.