Complex Numbers 21

So let z0 = x + iy, and from the figure 0 < x < 1 and y > 0. 5. Since, |PQ | = |PS | = |PR| = 2
P Y
4 − z0 − z0 4 − x − iy − x + iy ∴ Shaded part represents the
So, =
z0 − z0 + 2i x + iy − x + iy + 2i external part of circle having 4
2(2 − x)  2 − x centre (−1, 0) and radius 2. 3e iπ/4
= = −i  A
 As we know equation of circle
2i ( y + 1)  y + 1 3
having centre z0 and radius r,
2−x is|z − z0| = r
Q is a positive real number, so π/4
y+1 ∴ |z − (−1 + 0i )| > 2 X′
O
X

4 − z0 − z0 ⇒ |z + 1| > 2 Y′
is purely negative imaginary number.
z0 − z0 + 2 i Also, argument of z + 1 with respect to positive direction
of X-axis is π/4.
 4 − z0 − z0  π
⇒ arg   =− π
 z0 − z0 + 2 i  2 ∴ arg (z + 1) ≤ …(i)
4
5 5
 3 i  3 i and argument of z + 1 in anticlockwise direction is −π /4.
2. Given, z =  +  + − 
 2 2   2 2 ∴ − π / 4 ≤ arg (z + 1) …(ii)
Q Euler’s form of From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
3 i  π π |arg (z + 1)|≤ π / 4
i( π / 6 )
+ =  cos + i sin  =e
2 2  6 6 6. In the Argand plane, P is represented by e i0 and Q is
represented by e i( α − θ )
3 i  −π   π
and − = cos   + i sin  −  = e−iπ / 6 Now, rotation about a line with angle α is given by
2 2  6   6
5π 5π
e θ → e (α − θ ). Therefore, Q is obtained from P by reflection
i −i in the line making an angle α /2.
So, z = (eiπ / 6 )5 + (e−iπ / 6 )5 = e 6 + e 6
 5π 5π   5π 5π  z1 − z3 1 − i 3 (1 − i 3 )(1 + i 3 ) z2
=  cos + i sin  +  cos − i sin  7. = =
 6 6   6 6 z2 − z3 2 2 (1 + i 3 )
[Q eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ] 1 − i 23
5π =
= 2 cos 2 (1 + i 3 )
6 π/3
π 4 2 z3 z1
∴ I (z ) = 0 and R(z ) = −2 cos = − 3 < 0 = =
6 2 (1 + i 3 ) (1 + i 3 )
 5π  π π z2 − z3 1 + i 3 π π
⇒ = = cos + i sin
Q cos 6 = cos  π − 6  = − cos 6  z1 − z3 2 3 3
 
z
2 − z3  z − z  π
3. Imaginary axis ⇒ = 1 and arg  2 3
 =
1
z − z3  z1 − z3  3
Hence, the triangle is an equilateral.
z2 z'2 (7,6) Alternate Solution
z1 − z3 1 − i 3
) 1 ∴ =
(1
,2 z2 − z3 2
3 1
90° z 0 (6,2) z2 − z3 2 1 +i 3 π π
5 ⇒ = = = cos + i sin
Real axis z1 − z3 1 − i 3 2 3 3
 z2 − z3  π z2 − z3
⇒ arg   = and also =1
z2′ = (6 + 2 cos 45° , 5 + 2 sin 45° ) = (7, 6) = 7 + 6i  z1 − z3  3 z1 − z3
By rotation about (0, 0),
 iπ  Therefore, triangle is equilateral.
z2
= ei π/ 2 ⇒ z2 = z2′  e 2  1 a − ibt
z2′   8. Here, x + iy = ×
 
a + ibt a − ibt
 π π
= (7 + 6i )  cos + i sin  = (7 + 6i ) (i ) = − 6 + 7i a − ibt
 2 2 ∴ x + iy =
a 2 + b2t 2
4. Let OA = 3, so that the complex number associated with
Let a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0
A is 3e iπ / 4 . If z is the complex number associated with P,
a − bt
then ∴ x= 2 and y = 2
z − 3eiπ / 4 4 − iπ / 2 4i a + b2t 2 a + b2t 2
= e =−
0 − 3e iπ / 4
3 3 y − bt ay
⇒ = ⇒t =
⇒ 3z − 9eiπ / 4 = 12 ieiπ / 4 ⇒ z = (3 + 4 i ) eiπ / 4 x a bx
22 Complex Numbers

On putting x =
a
, we get So, z1 = 2 (cos π / 3 + sin π / 3)
a 2 + b2t 2 Since, |z2| = |z3| = 2 [given]
 a 2 y2  Y-axis
x  a 2 + b2 ⋅ 2 2  = a ⇒ a (x + y ) = ax
2 2 2
 bx 
x z1
or x2 + y2 − =0 … (i)
a
z2
2
 1 1 P (2, 0)
x −  + y =
2
or X-axis
 2a  4a 2 P (–1, 0) O
∴Option (a) is correct.
For a ≠ 0 and b = 0,
1 1 z3
x + iy = ⇒ x = , y = 0
a a Now, the triangle z1 , z2 and z3 being an equilateral and
⇒ z lies on X-axis. the sides z1z2 and z1z3 make an angle 2π / 3 at the centre.
∴ Option (c) is correct. π 2π
Therefore, ∠POz2 = + =π
1 1 3 3
For a = 0 and b ≠ 0, x + iy = ⇒ x = 0, y = − π 2π 2π 5π
ibt bt and ∠POz3 = + + =
3 3 3 3
⇒ z lies on Y-axis.
Therefore, z2 = 2 (cos π + i sin π ) = 2 (− 1 + 0) = − 2
∴ Option (d) is correct.  5π 5π  1 3
and z3 = 2  cos + i sin  =2  − i  =1 − i 3
9. PLAN It is the simple representation of points on Argand plane and  3 3  2 2
to find the angle between the points.
n
 π π nπ nπ Alternate Solution
Here, P = W n =  cos + i sin  = cos + i sin
 6 6 6 6 Whenever vertices of an equilateral triangle having
 1 centroid is given its vertices are of the form z , zω , zω 2.
H 1 = z ∈ C : Re(z ) > 
 2 ∴ If one of the vertex is z1 = 1 + i 3 , then other two
nπ vertices are (z1ω ), (z1ω 2).
∴ P ∩ H 1 represents those points for which cos is + ve. (−1 + i 3 ) (−1 − i 3 )
6 ⇒ (1 + i 3 ) , (1 + i 3 )
2 2
Hence, it belongs to I or IV quadrant.
− (1 + 3) (1 + i 2( 3 )2 + 2i 3 )
π π 11π 11π ⇒ ,−
⇒ z1 = P ∩ H 1 = cos + i sin or cos + i sin 2 2
6 6 6 6
(−2 + 2i 3 )
3 i 3 i ⇒ −2 , − =1 − i 3
∴ z1 = + or − …(i) 2
2 2 2 2 ∴ z2 = − 2 and z3 = 1 − i 3
Similarly, z2 = P ∩ H 2 i.e. those points for which
11. Given, D = (1 + i ), M = (2 − i )
nπ
cos <0 and diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
6
Let B ≡ (a + ib), therefore
–√3 , 1 √3 , 1
—– — Z2 Z1 —– —
2 2 2 2 a+1 b+1
= 2, = − 1 ⇒ a + 1 = 4, b + 1 = − 2
2 2
(–1, 0) Z2 ⇒ a = 3, b = − 3 ⇒ B ≡ (3 − 3i )
O A D (1+i )
–√3 , –1 Z √3 –1
—– — 2 Z1 —– , —
2 2 2 2 M
(2−i )
5π 5π cos 7π 7π
∴ z2 = cos π + i sin π , cos + i sin , + i sin
6 6 6 6 B C
− 3 i − 3 i
⇒ z2 = − 1 , + , − Again, DM = (2 − 1) + (− 1 − 1)2 = 1 + 4 = 5
2
2 2 2 2
2π 5π But BD = 2DM ⇒ BD = 2 5
Thus, ∠z1Oz2 = , ,π and 2 AC = BD ⇒ 2 AC = 2 5
3 6
⇒ AC = 5 and AC = 2 AM
10. z1 = 1 + i 3 = r (cos θ + i sin θ ) [let]
5
⇒ r cos θ = 1, r sin θ = 3 ⇒ 5 = 2 AM ⇒ AM =
2
⇒ r = 2 and θ = π /3
 Complex Numbers 23

Now, let coordinate of A be (x + iy). and 2 (a + b) = ab + 1

But in a rhombus AD = AB, therefore we have ⇒ (a = b or a + b = 1)
AD 2 = AB2 and 2 (a + b) = ab + 1
⇒ (x − 1) + ( y − 1)2 = (x − 3)2 + ( y + 3)2
2

⇒ x + 1 − 2x + y2 + 1 − 2 y = x2 + 9 − 6x+ y2 + 9 + 6 y
2 If a = b , 2 (2a ) = a 2 + 1
⇒ 4x − 8 y = 16 ⇒ a − 4a + 1 = 0
2

⇒ x − 2y = 4 4 ± 16 − 4
⇒ a= =2 ± 3
⇒ x = 2y + 4 …(i) 2
If a + b = 1, 2 = a (1 − a ) + 1 ⇒ a 2 − a + 1 = 0
5 5
Again, AM = ⇒ AM 2 = 1 ± 1 −4
2 4 ⇒a= , but a and b ∈ R
5 2
⇒ (x − 2) + ( y + 1) =
2 2
4 ∴ Only solution when a=b
5 ⇒ a = b =2± 3
⇒ (2 y + 2)2 + ( y + 1)2 = [from Eq. (i)] ⇒ a = b =2− 3 [Q a , b ∈ (0, 1)]
4
5 13. Here, centre of circle is (1, 0) is also the mid-point of
⇒ 5 y2 + 10 y + 5 = diagonals of square
4
⇒ 20 y2 + 40 y + 15 = 0 Y
⇒ 4 y2 + 8 y + 3 = 0
z3
⇒ (2 y + 1) (2 y + 3) = 0
z1(2, 3)
⇒ 2 y + 1 = 0,2 y + 3 = 0
1 3
⇒ y=− , y=− (1, 0)
2 2 X
O z
On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get 0
 1  3
x = 2  −  + 4, x = 2  −  + 4
 2  2 z2 z4
⇒ x = 3, x = 1
 i  3i 
Therefore, A is either 3 −  or 1 −  . z1 + z2
 2  2 ⇒ = z0
2
Alternate Solution
Since, M is the centre of rhombus. ⇒ z2 = − 3 i [where, z0 = 1 + 0 i ]
∴ By rotating D about M through an angle of ± π /2 , we z3 − 1
and = e± iπ/ 2
get possible position of A. z1 − 1
C B  π π
⇒ z3 = 1 + (1 + 3i ) ⋅  cos ± i sin  [Q z1 = 2 + 3i ]
 2 2
= 1 ± i (1 + 3i ) = (1 + 3 ) ± i = (1 − 3 ) + i
M and z4 = (1 + 3 ) − i
(2– i) z2
14. Let Q be z2 and its reflection be the point P (z1 ) in the
D z1(1+i ) A (z3)
given line. If O (z ) be any point on the given line then by
z − (2 − i ) 1 z − (2 − i ) 1 definition OR is right bisector of QP.
⇒ 3 = (± i ) ⇒ 3 = (± i ) ∴ OP = OQ or |z − z1| = |z − z2|
−1 + 2 i 2 −1 + 2 i 2
1 1 ⇒ |z − z1|2 = |z − z2|2
⇒ z3 = (2 − i ) ± i (2i − 1) = (2 − i ) ± (−2 − i )
2 2 ⇒ (z − z1 ) (z − z1 ) = (z − z2) (z − z2)
(4 − 2i − 2 − i ) 4 − 2i + 2 + i 3 i
= , = 1 − i, 3 − ⇒ z (z1 − z2) + z (z1 − z2) = z1z1 − z2z2
2 2 2 2
 3   i Comparing with given line zb + zb = c
∴ A is either 1 − i or 3 −  .
 2   2 z1 − z2 z1 − z2 z1z1 − z2z2
= = = λ, [say]
b b c
12. Since, z1 , z2 and z3 form an equilateral triangle.
z1 − z2 z − z2 z z − z2z2
⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3 z1 = b, 1 = b, 1 1 =c …(i)
λ λ λ
⇒ (a + i ) + (1 + ib) + (0) = (a + i ) (1 + ib) + 0 + 0
2 2 2
 z − z2   z − z2 
⇒ a − 1 + 2ia + 1 − b2 + 2ib = a + i (ab + 1) − b
2 ∴ z1b + z2b = z1  1  + z2  1 
 λ   λ 
⇒ (a 2 − b2) + 2i (a + b) = (a − b) + i (ab + 1) zz − z2z2
= 1 =c [from Eq. (i)]
⇒ a 2 − b2 = a − b λ