Chapter 3a.
qxd
3/8/09
6:53 PM
Page 20
CHAPTER
3
3.1
Example
Circles II
Properties of Circles
CCTS
To solve problems
1 Solve the following problems.
O is the centre of the circle. PTOR is the diameter. If PT = 1 cm and TOR = 25 cm, find the length, in cm, of QTS. PTOR = 1 + 25 = 26 cm 1 OR = OS = 26 = 13 cm 2 S OT = 25 13 = 12 cm
O
(a) O is the centre of the circle. Given that PQ = SR = 16 cm and OR = 17 cm, find the length, in cm, of OU.
S T O P U Q R
PU =
1 16 = 8 cm 2
P Q T
TS2 = 132 122 TS = 5 cm QTS = 2 5 = 10 cm
OU2 + 82 = 172 OU2 = 225 OU = 15 cm
(b) K and M are the centres of two identical circles which touch at point L. Given that QR = 48 cm and MN = 7 cm, calculate the length, in cm, of JKLMN.
Q J K L M N P
(c) O is the centre of circle PQRS with a radius of 13 cm. Given that PQ = 10 cm and SR = 24 cm, find the length, in cm, of TOU.
P O T U S
R Q R
(d) O is the centre of the circle. QTOS and PTR are straight lines. Given that QT = 2 cm and TOS = 32 cm, find the length, in cm, of PTR
P O T R
(e) O is the centre of the circle. JONL and KNM are straight lines. Given that JN = 49 cm and LN = 1 cm, calculate the length, in cm, of KNM.
J
S K
O N L M
20
Chapter 3a.qxd
3/8/09
6:53 PM
Page 21
3.2
Example
Properties of Angles in Circles
To evaluate
1 In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of x. CCTS
4 cm O x 12 cm 20
(a)
32
O x 6 cm
6 cm
(b)
O x 43
x = 3 20 = 60 (angles proportional to the lengths of arcs) (c)
x O 135
x = 32 (arcs of equal length subtend equal angles) (d)
55 x O
20
(e)
33 O x 0 10
2 In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of y.
Example
a y
O 35
a = 35 (angles in the same segment) a + y = 90 (angle at the circumference of a semicircle) y = 90 35 = 55
(a)
32 O y
y = 2 32 = 64 ( at the centre is twice the at the circumference) (d)
125 y
(b)
236 O y
(c)
y O
22
1 236 2 = 118 ( at the centre is twice the at the circumference) y =
21
Chapter 3a.qxd
3/8/09
6:53 PM
Page 22
3 In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of x and of y.
Example
x O y 80
(a)
y x O a 65
x=
1 80 (angle at the centre is twice the 2 angle at the circumference) = 40 y = x (angles subtended by the same arc) = 40
x = 2 65 ( at the centre is twice the at the circumference) = 130 a = 2y a + x = 360 2y + 130 = 360 2y = 230 y = 115 (c)
70
(b)
x O y 60
O x
(d)
2x 3x y O
(e)
30
x y O 80
22
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 23
3.3
Cyclic Quadrilaterals
In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of x and of y.
Example
105 110 O x y
1
60 O 72 x y
x + 105 = 180 (interior opposite angles) x = 75 y = 110 (exterior angle)
x + 60 x y + 72 y 3
= = = =
180 (interior opposite angles) 120 180 (interior opposite angles) 108
100 y O 55 a x
60 O y 50x 85
x = 100 (exterior angle) a = 80 (interior opposite angles) 55 + y + a = 180 y = 180 135 = 45 4
78 O 2x 3x y x
5
75 O
80
6
x
x x O y
7
35
x O y
120
23
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 24
PMR Practice 3
Paper 1
Answer all questions. 1
Q L P x
DIAGRAM 1 75
O S x P
40
Diagram 1 shows a semicircle and PS is the diameter. The length of arc PQ is the same as the length of arc QR. The value of x is A 30 C 50 B 45 D 60 2
Q x x U P
DIAGRAM 2
DIAGRAM 4
Diagram 4 shows a circle with centre O. The value of x is A 25 C 50 B 35 D 60
5
T
2003
Q P O S R x S
In Diagram 2, PUTR is the diameter of the circle. Given that QTS is a straight line, find the value of x. C 35 A 20 B 30 D 40 3
2008
DIAGRAM 5
Diagram 5 shows a circle PQRS with centre O. Find the value of x. A 15 C 30 B 25 D 35
P 20 Q R DIAGRAM 3 x T
6
P Q
O S
DIAGRAM 6
Diagram 3 shows a circle PQRST with centre O. QOT is the diameter of the circle. The length of arc ST is twice the length of arc QR. Find the value of x. A 30 C 40 B 35 D 60
Diagram 6 shows the cross-section of a pipe of radius 15 cm. The water level drops from PQ to RS such that PQ = RS = 18 cm. The water level drops by A 3 cm C 12 cm D 24 cm B 6 cm
24
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 25
7
2008
11
R S T
J x O N y M L
38 Q
105
K
DIAGRAM 7
DIAGRAM 11
In Diagram 7, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral and RST is a straight line. Find the value of QST. C 113 A 143 B 133 D 108 12 8
2003
In Diagram 11, O is the centre of circle JKLM. JNL and ONM are straight lines. Find the value of x + y. C 100 A 55 B 80 D 120
P
G H Q x D E
DIAGRAM 8
O x
DIAGRAM 12
In Diagram 8, DEF is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 80 C 100 B 90 D 110 9
2003
In Diagram 12, O is the centre of circle PQRST. QOT is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 90 C 60 B 80 D 40 13
E y F C O D A B
DIAGRAM 13
x O Q y R
DIAGRAM 9
Diagram 9 shows a circle PQRS with centre O. Find the value of x + y. C 300 A 180 B 260 D 360 10
U S O Q P R xx T
In Diagram 13, O is ECB and FCDA are value of y. A 40 B 50 14
P
the centre of the circle. straight lines. Find the C 60 D 80
O Q S
13 cm
24 cm DIAGRAM 14
DIAGRAM 10
In Diagram 10, PQRS is the diameter of the circle with centre O. Find the value of x. A 50 C 25 D 20 B 40
In Diagram 14, O is the centre of the circle. POS and QSR are straight lines. Find the length, in cm, of POS. C 18 A 12 B 16 D 25
25
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 26
15
y
19
2004
V P Q R S T X W
x z
DIAGRAM 15
DIAGRAM 19
Diagram 15 shows a circle. Find the value of x + y + z. A 150 C 200 D 230 B 180 16
J
Diagram 19 shows four congruent circles with centres Q, R, S and T respectively. Given that VW = 16 cm and TX = 6 cm, calculate the length, in cm, of PX. A 36 C 42 D 46 B 40 20
D A
O K L
M
E B DIAGRAM 20 O C
DIAGRAM 16
In Diagram 16, O is the centre of circle JKLM. KOM is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 50 C 65 B 55 D 75 17
2004
Diagram 20 shows a circle ABCD with centre O. Given that AE = 2 cm and EC = 32 cm, find the length, in cm, of BED. A 16 C 26 B 20 D 28 21
S
30 O x
2007
40
P O x 115 R
S Q DIAGRAM 17 DIAGRAM 21
In Diagram 17, PQRS is a circle with centre O. POR is the diameter and arc PQ = arc PS. Find the value of x. C 120 A 60 B 90 D 150 18
2004
In Diagram 21, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of x. A 15 C 30 B 25 D 45 22
Q 72 O S P
2x
J x y M 85 100 K DIAGRAM 18 L
2007
DIAGRAM 22
In Diagram 18, JKLM is a cyclic quadrilateral. Find the value of x + y. A 150 C 175 B 165 D 185
Diagram 22 shows a circle with centre O. Find the value of x. A 36 C 18 D 12 B 24
26
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 27
23
2005
27
J 60 N y M K L
DIAGRAM 23
DIAGRAM 27
In Diagram 23, JKLM is a circle with centre O and TJK is a straight line. The value of x is A 80 C 40 D 30 B 70 24
O y 130
In Diagram 27, KN is the diameter of the circle. Given that the length of arcs JN and LN are equal, find the value of y. A 100 C 135 D 150 B 120 28
S x T O 30 Q DIAGRAM 28 R
120 P
DIAGRAM 24
Diagram 24 shows a circle with centre O. Calculate the value of y. A 25 C 40 B 35 D 45 25
O T S DIAGRAM 25 Q
In Diagram 28, O is the centre of the circle. POTR is the diameter and STQ is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 115 C 150 B 120 D 165 29
2006
Q 62 U R
DIAGRAM 29
Diagram 25 shows a circle with centre O. Given that QS = 10 cm and OQ = 13 cm, find the length, in cm, of PT. A 18 C 24 D 25 B 20 26
2 0
Diagram 29 shows a cyclic quadrilateral QRST. PQR and UQT are straight lines. Find the value of x. C 118 A 108 B 112 D 128 30
J
2006
y O 60 140
K L
15
O y
M DIAGRAM 26 DIAGRAM 30
Diagram 26 shows a circle with centre O. Find the value of y. C 110 A 70 B 105 D 120
Diagram 30 shows a circle with centre O and JK = ML. Find the value of y. A 50 C 65 B 60 D 70
27
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 28
31
2008
K 75 4y 80 L M J 5x N
32
2005
DIAGRAM 31
DIAGRAM 32
In Diagram 31, JKLM is a cyclic quadrilateral. LMN is a straight line. Find the value of x + y. A 35 C 45 B 40 D 50
In Diagram 32, KLMNP is a circle with centre O. Find the value of x. C 70 A 20 B 40 D 90
Paper 2
Answer all questions. 1 In Diagram 1, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of y. 2 In Diagram 2, MK is the diameter of the circle. Find the value of x.
L
O P y R
Q
DIAGRAM 1
Reflex angle POR = 2 140 = 280 ( at centre = 2 at circumference) y + 280 = 360 y = 80
M K N x P
DIAGRAM 2
L = 90 ( in semicircle) LMK + 55 + 90 = 180 LMK = 35 NMK = 145 35 = 110 x = 110
80 Answer: ______________ 3 In Diagram 3, O is the centre of the circle. PSR and QOS are straight lines. Find the value of x.
P S O x R Q
DIAGRAM 3
110 Answer: ______________ 4 In Diagram 4, O is the centre of the circle LMN. Given that LOM is a straight line, find the value of x.
N M x O
QOR = 2 65 = 130 x + 130 = 180 ( in st. line) x = 50
x + 50 = 90 x = 40
L
DIAGRAM 4
50 Answer: ______________
40 Answer: ______________
28
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 29
5 In Diagram 5, BOD is the diameter of the circle with centre O. Find the value of x.
A x O B
6 In Diagram 6, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of y.
x+
BDC = 90 ( in semicircle) x + 70 = 90 x = 20
y O
DIAGRAM 6
y + 70 = 180 (interior y = 110 opposite angles)
DIAGRAM 5
20 Answer: ______________ 7 Diagram 7 shows a circle with centre O. Find the value of x + y + z. z = 28 (s in x = 28 the same y + 34 + 34 = 180 segment) y = 112 x+y+z = 28 + 28 + 112 = 168
110 Answer: ______________ 8 Diagram 8 shows a circle LMNPQR. Find the value of x + y.
M N y
RLP = 60 MLP + y = 180
O y x
DIAGRAM 7
x P R Q
(interior opposite angles) x + y = 60 + 180 = 240
DIAGRAM 8
168 Answer: ______________ 9 In Diagram 9, O is the centre of the circle PRQ. Find the value of y.
R P y Q O
240 Answer: ______________ 10 Diagram 10 shows a circle ABCD. AEC and BED are straight lines. Find the value of x.
Reflex angle POQ = 240 240 y = _____ 2 = 120
A x E D
x + 45 + 70 = 180 x = 180 115 = 65 (Sum of s of )
DIAGRAM 9
DIAGRAM 10
120 Answer: ______________
65 Answer: ______________
29
Chapter 3b.qxd
3/8/09
6:54 PM
Page 30
11 Diagram 11 shows a circle with centre O. Find the values of x and y.
A D B x C
y O
12 In Diagram 12, O is the centre of circle PQRS. POTR and STQ are straight lines. If POT = 18 cm and STQ = 24 cm, find the length of the radius of the circle.
P
S
DIAGRAM 11
O T
84 x = ___ = 42 2 y + y + 84 = 180 2y = 96 y = 48
(at centre = 2 at circumference)
DIAGRAM 12
By Pythagoras theorem, (18 x)2 + 122 = 324 36x + x2 + 144 = (18 x) 468 36x = O x= x S Q Radius = 13 cm 12 T 12
x R
x2 x2 0 13
x = 42, y = 48 Answer: _________________ 13 Diagram 13 shows a circle. Find the values of m and n.
13 cm Answer: ______________
2m 3m
2m + 3m 5m m n
= = = =
180 180 36 95
14 In Diagram 14, O is the centre of the circle of radius 13 cm. PQR and STU are straight lines. XQOTY is the diameter. Given that PQR = 10 cm and STU = 24 cm, find the length of QOT.
S P Q X R T Y
DIAGRAM 13
OQ2 OQ OT2 OT QOT
= = = = =
132 52 12 132 122 5 17 cm
m = 36, n = 95 Answer: ____________________ 15 In Diagram 15, O is the centre of the circle. Calculate the value of x.
P 120 O 85 S DIAGRAM 15 x R Q
DIAGRAM 14
17 cm Answer: ______________
16 In Diagram 16, O is the centre of the circle. Find PRQ.
DIAGRAM 16
PQO = (180 120) 2 = 30 PQR = 180 85 = 95 x = 95 30 = 65
65 Answer: ______________
PQR = 180 65 = 115 RPQ = 1 (70) = 35 2 PRQ = 180 115 35= 30
30 Answer: ______________
30
