O P E R A T I O N A L
AMPLIFIERS
PA R A M E T E R S O F
O P E R AT I O N A L
AMPLIFIERS(IC741)
The Electrical Parameters are listed
below
• Input offset voltage • Common mode rejection ratio
• Input offset current • Supply voltage rejection ratio
• Input Bias current • Large –signal voltage Gain
• Differential input current • Output resistance
• Slew rate
• Input Capacitance • Gain-bandwidth product
• Offset voltage adjustment
range
• Input voltage range
Input offset
voltage
• It is the voltage that must be applied between the two input
terminals of an amp-op to null the output.
• Voltage(vio) can be postive and negative
• Vio=(v1-v2) v1 and v2 are dc sources.
Input offset current
• The algebraic difference between the currents into the inverting
and non inverting terminal is referred to as input offset
current(Iio).
• Iio=modulus(Ib1-Ib2)
• The offset current for 741IC is 200nA
Input bias current
• Input bias current is thr average of the currents that
flow into the inverting and non inverting input terminals
of the op –amp.
• Ib=Ib1-Ib2/2
Differential input current
• The differential input resistance, rid or ri(d), is defined as the
small signal resistance between two ungrounded input
terminals
• V1/Ib1=Rc/re
Input Capacitance
• Input capacitance Ci is the equivalent capacitance that
can be measured at either the inverting or the non-
inverting terminals with the other terminal connected to
ground.
Offset voltage adjustment
range
• The offset voltage adjustment range is the range through which
the input offset voltage can be adjusted by varying the 10KΩ
potentiometer.
Input voltage range
• When the voltage is applied to both input terminals the voltage is called common mode
voltage(Vcm) and the op-omp is said to be operating in common mode configration .
• The input voltage range is thr range of common –mode voltages over which thr offset
specifications will apply
Common mode rejection ratio
• The common mode rejection ratio is defined in several
essentially equivalent way by various manufacturers. Generally
it can be defined as the ratio of the differential voltage gain to
the common mode voltage gain.
• CMMR=Ad/Acm
• The differential voltage gain is the same as the large voltage
gain.
Large-signal voltage
gain
• Voltage gain =output voltage/differential input voltage
• A=Vo/Vid
Output Resistance
• Output resistance Ro is the equivalent resistance that can be
measured between the output terminal of the op-amp and the
ground.
Slew rate
• Slew rate is defined as the maximum rate of change of output
voltage per unit time and is expressed in volts per microseconds
• slew rates indicates how rapidly the output of an operational
amplifier can change in response to changes in the input frequency .
• SR=dVo/dt at maximum
Gain band-width product
• The gain bandwidth product is the bandwidth of the
operational amplifier when the voltage gain is 1
PARAMETER EVALUATION
For AC Application For DC Application
• Input resistance • input resistance
• output resistance • output resistance
• large signal voltage gain • large signal voltage gain
• gain bandwidth product • input offset voltage
• slew rate • input offset current
