Saraswati Classes

XI (science) 1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Chemistry-I

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Q. Define: Chemistry. What are the different branches of chemistry?
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Chemistry: “Chemistry is the study of matter, its physical and chemical properties and the
physical and chemical changes it undergoes under different conditions.”
Chemistry is divided in five branches as follows:
i) Physical Chemistry: Physical chemistry is the study of principles underlying chemistry.
ii) Organic Chemistry: Organic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of
compounds of carbon.
iii) Inorganic Chemistry: Inorganic chemistry is the study of all substances which are not
organic.
iv) Analytical Chemistry:
v) Biochemistry:
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Q. Explain: Types of matter (on the basis of chemical composition).
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Matter: Matter occupies space and has mass.
Classification of Matter: On the basis of chemical composition, matter can be classified as follows:
Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Elements Compounds Homogenous Heterogenous

Metal Non-metal Metalloids

Pure substances:
(i) Pure substances have a definite chemical composition.
(ii) They always have the same properties regardless of their origin.
e.g. Pure metal, distilled water, etc.

Elements: Elements are pure substances which cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by ordinary chemical changes.
Elements are further classified as metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

(1) Metals:
(i) Metals have a lustre (a shiny appearance).
(ii) They conduct heat and electricity.
(iii) They are ductile.
(iv) They are malleable.
Examples: gold, silver, copper, iron. Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature.
(2) Non-metals:
(i) Non-metals have no lustre. (Exception: diamond, iodine)
(ii) They are poor conductors of heat and electricity. (Exception: graphite)
(iii) They cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire, because they are brittle.
Examples: Iodine, nitrogen, carbon, etc.

(3) Metalloids: Elements which have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals, are
called metalloids or semi-metals. Examples: arsenic, silicon and germanium.

Compounds: Compounds are the pure substances which cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by ordinary chemical changes.

Mixture:
(i) A mixture is a simple combination of two or more substances in which the constituent
substances retain their separate identities.
(ii) Mixtures have no definite chemical composition and hence no definite properties.
e.g. Paint (mixture of oils, pigment, additive), concrete (a mixture of sand, cement, water)

Types of Mixtures:
(a) Homogeneous mixture: If only one phase is present in a mixture, then it is called
homogeneous mixture. e.g. Mixture of ethyl alcohol and water, salt and water or mixture of
gases etc.

(b) Heterogeneous mixture: If two or more phases are present in a mixture, then it is called
heterogeneous mixture. e.g. phenol-water system, silver chloride-water system.
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Q. Which are mixtures and pure substances from the following?
i. sea water ii. gasoline iii. skin iv. a rusty nail v. a page of the textbook. vi. diamond
Ans. Mixtures: sea water, gasoline, skin, a rusty nail, a page of the textbook
Pure substance: Diamond
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Q. Classify the following as element and compound.
i. mercuric oxide ii. helium gas iii. water iv. table salt v. iodine vi. mercury vii. oxygen
viii. nitrogen
Ans. Elements: Helium gas, iodine, mercury, oxygen, nitrogen
Compounds: Mercuric oxide, water, table salt
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Q. Define: Units.
Ans. The arbitrarily decided and universally accepted standards are called units.
There are several system in which units are expressed such as CGS (centimetre for length,
gram for mass and second for time), FPS (foot, pound, second) and MKS (metre, kilogram,
second) systems, etc.
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Q. What are SI units? Name the fundamental SI units.
Ans. In 1960, the general conference of weights and measure, proposed revised metric system,
called International System of units, that is, SI units.
The seven fundamental SI units are as given below:
No. Base Physical Quantity Symbol for Name of SI Symbol for SI
Quantity Unit Unit
1.. Length l metre m
2. Mass M kilogram kg
3. Time t second s
4. Electric current I ampere A
5. Thermodynamic T Kelvin K
temperature
6. Amount of substance n mole Mol
7. Luminous intensity Iv candela Cd
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NCERT Corner:
Prefixes used in the SI system:
Multiple Prefix Symbol Multiple Prefix Symbol
10–1 deci d 10 deca da
–2 2
10 centi c 10 hecto h
–3 3
10 mili m 10 kilo k
–6
10 micro  10 6
mega M
–9 9
10 nano n 10 giga G
–12 12
10 pico p 10 tera T
–15 15
10 femto f 10 peta P
–18 18
10 atto a 10 exa E
–21 21
10 zepto z 10 zeta Z
–24 24
10 yocto y 10 yotta Y
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Q. Give reason: The mass of a body is more fundamental property than its weight.
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Physical properties:
(1) Mass and weight:
(i) Matter has mass. It is the measure of the quantity of matter a body contains.
(ii) The mass of a body does not vary as its position changes.
(iii) On the other hand, the weight of a body is result of the mass and gravitational attraction.
(iv) The weight of a body varies because the gravitational attraction of the earth for a body varies
with the distance from the centre of the earth.
Hence, the mass of a body is more fundamental property than its weight.

(2) Length:
(i) The properties such as the atomic radius, bond length, wavelength of electromagnetic
radiation, etc. are very small, therefore fractional units of the SI unit of length are used to express
these properties.
(ii) Fractional units of length: nanometre (nm), picometre (pm).
1 nm = 10–9 m, 1 pm = 10–12 m.
(3) Volume:
(i) It is the amount of space occupied by a three
dimensional object. It does not depend on shape.
(ii) SI unit of volume is (meter)3 or m3.
(iii) The common unit used for the measurement of
volume of liquids & gases is litre (L).
1 L = 1 dm3 & 1 mL = 1 cm3. 1 L = 1000 mL.
(iv) Different kinds of glassware are used to measure Fig: Volumetric glass apparatus
the volume of liquids and solutions.
For example, graduated cylinder, burette, pipette, etc.
(v) A volumetric flask is used to prepare a known volume of a solution.

(4) Density: Density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

Mass
Density =
Volume
3 –3
SI unit of volume = kg m or kg m
CGS units of volume = g/mL or g mL–1 or g cm–3

(5) Temperature: Temperature is a measure of the hotness or coldness of an object.

(i) There are three common scales to measure temperature, namely ºC (degree Celsius), ºF (degree
Fahrenheit) and K (Kelvin).
(ii) SI unit of temperature = Kelvin (K).
(iii) Kelvin scale is related to Celsius scale as follows: K = ºC + 273.15
9
(iv) Degree Fahrenheit scale is related to Celsius scale as follows: ºF = (ºC) + 32
5
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Q. Convert the following degree Celsius temperature to degree Fahrenheit. a. 40ºC b. 30ºC
(Ans.: A. 104 ºF, B. 86 ºF)
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Q. State and explain law of conservation of mass.
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1) Law of conservation of mass: [Lomonosove (Russian Scientist)]
Statement: “The mass can neither be created nor destroyed during chemical combination of
matter.” OR
“The sum of masses of reactants before reaction is always equal to sum masses of products
after completion of reaction”
e.g. C + O2  CO2
12g 32g = 44g
Total mass of reactants = Total mass of products
Thus, the mass is conserved during the reaction.
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Q. 24 g of carbon reacts with some oxygen to make 88 grams of carbon dioxide. Find out
how much oxygen must have been used. (Ans. 64.0)
Q. Calculate the mass of sulfur dioxide produced by burning 16 g of sulfur in excess of
oxygen in contact process. (Average atomic mass: S = 32 u, O = 16 u)(Ans. 32 g)
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Q. State and explain law of definite proportion.
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2) Law of definite Composition (Proportion): [Joseph Proust (French Scientist)]
Statement: “A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by
weight.”
Irrespective of the source, a given compound always contains same elements in the same
proportion.
e.g. i) Irrespective of sources of water it contained 88.89% O2 by weight & 11.11% H2 by weight.
ii) The different pure samples of sugar contained 51.4% O, 42.1% C & 6.5 % H by weight.
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Q. 2.0 g of a metal burnt in oxygen gave 3.2 g of its oxide. 1.42 g of the same metal heated in
steam gave 2.27 of its oxide. Which law is verified by these data?
(Ans. % O = 37.5%, % M = 62.5%, law of definite proportion)
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Q. State and explain law of multiple proportions.
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3) Law of multiple proportions: [John Dalton (British Scientist)]
Statement: “When two elements A and B form more than one compounds, the masses of
element B that combine with a given mass of A are always in the ratio of small whole
numbers.”
e.g. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form two compounds, namely water and hydrogen
peroxide.
Hydrogen + Oxygen  Water
H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g)  H2O(l)
2g 16 g 18 g
Hydrogen + Oxygen  Hydrogen Peroxide
H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O2(l)
2g 32 g 34 g
Mass of oxygen in water 16 1
= 32 = 2 = 1 : 2
Mass of oxygen in Hydrogen peroxide
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Q. State and explain Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes.
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4) Gay Lussac’s law of Gaseous Volumes: [Joseph Louis Gay – Lussac, (French)]
Statement: “When gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction they do so in a
simple ratio by volume, provided all gases are at same temperature and pressure.” OR
“Gases react together to form gaseous product in simple whole number ratio by volumes.”
Reaction Proportion of volumes
1) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 HCl(g) H2 : Cl2 : HCl
1Volume 1 Volume 2 Volumes 1 : 1 : 2
2) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) H2 : O2 : H2O
2 Volume 1 Volume 2 Volumes 2 : 1 : 2
3) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) N2 : H2 : NH3
1 Volume 3 Volume 2 Volumes 1 : 3 : 2
Note: Gay Lussac's is actually the law of definite proportion by gaseous volumes.
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Q. If 10 volumes of dihydrogen gas react with 5 volumes of dioxygen gas, how many volumes
of water vapour would be produced? (Ans. 10 volumes)
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Q. State and explain Avogadro’s Law.
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Avogadro Law: “Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain
equal number of molecules.”
e.g. Consider the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water vapour.
Hydrogen (g) + Oxygen (g)  Water (g)
100 mL 50 mL 100 mL
(2 vol) (1 vol) (2 vol) (Gay Lussac Law)
2n molecules n molecules 2n molecules (Avogadro law)
2 molecules 1 molecule 2 molecules
Avogadro made a distinction between atoms and molecules.
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Q. State and explain Dalton's atomic theory.
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Dalton's Atomic Theory:
1. Matter consists of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
2. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
3. All the atoms of a given elements have identical properties including mass. Atoms of different
elements have different properties.
4. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio.
5. Chemical reactions involve only the reorganization of atoms.
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Q. What is an atom and molecule? What is the order of magnitude of mass of one atom?
What are isotopes?
Ans. Atom: The smallest indivisible particle of an element is called an atom.
Molecule: A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by
chemical bonds.
The order of magnitude of mass of one atom is 10–27.
Isotopes: Isotopes are the atoms of the same element having same atomic number but different
mass number.
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Q. Define: Atomic mass. How many grams does an atom of hydrogen weight?
Q. Define: Atomic mass unit (amu). Show that 𝟏 𝐚𝐦𝐮 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟓𝟔  𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟒 𝐠.
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Atomic Mass:
Atomic mass is the mass of an atom.
For example, the mass of one hydrogen atom is 1.6736  10–24 g.
The atomic masses are expressed in amu.
One amu is defined as a mass exactly equal to one twelfth of the mass of one carbon-12 atom.

1
1 amu =  mass of one C-12
12
1
=  1.992648  10–23 g
12
1 amu = 1.66056  10−24 g
Recently, amu has been replaced by unified mass unit called dalton (symbol 'u' or 'Da'),
'u' means unified mass.
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Q. Point the difference between 12 g of carbon and 12 u of carbon.
Ans. 12 g of carbon is the molar mass of carbon while 12 u of carbon is the mass of one carbon
atom.
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Q. Mass of an atom of oxygen in gram is 26.56896 × 10–24 g. What is the atomic mass of
oxygen in u? (Ans. 1.008 u)
Q. The mass of an atom of hydrogen is 1.008 u. What is the mass of 18 atoms of hydrogen?
(Ans. 18.144 u)
Q. Calculate the number of atom in each of the following (Given: Atomic mass of I = 127 u).
a. 254 u of iodine (I) b. 254 g of iodine (I). (Ans. 2 atoms, 1.2044  1024 atoms)
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Q. What is average atomic mass?
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Average atomic mass:
The atomic mass of an element which exists as mixture of two or more isotopes is the average
of atomic masses of its isotopes. This is called average atomic mass.
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Q. Explain the need of the term average atomic mass.
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(i) Many naturally occurring elements exist as mixture of more than one isotope.
(ii) Isotopes have different atomic masses.
(iii) The atomic mass of such an element is the average of atomic masses of its isotopes.
(iv) For calculating average atomic mass of element, the atomic masses of isotopes and their
relative percentage abundance are considered.
(v) Hence, The term average atomic mass is needed to express atomic mass of elements containing
mixture of two or more isotopes.
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Q. Calculate the average atomic mass of Carbon using the following data:
Isotope Atomic mass (u) Relative Abundance (%)
12
C 12.00000 98.892
13
C 13.00335 1.108
14
C 14.00317 2  10–10

(Ans. 12.011 u)
Q. Calculate the average atomic mass of Neon using the following data:
Isotope Atomic mass (u) Relative Abundance (%)
20
Ne 19.9924 90.92%
21
Ne 20.9940 0.26%
22
Ne 21.9914 8.82%

(Ans. 20.1707 u)
Q. The natural isotopic abundance of 10B is 19.60% and 11B is 80.40 %. The exact isotopic masses
are 10.13 and 11.009 respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass of boron (Ans. 10.81)
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Q. Define: Molecular mass
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Molecular mass: Molecular mass of a substance is the sum of average atomic masses of the
atoms of the elements which constitute the molecule.
Molecular mass of a substance is the mass of one molecule of that substance relative to the
mass of one carbon – 12 atom.
e.g. (i) CO2 = 1 × 12 u + 2 × 16 u = 12 u + 32 u = 34 u
(ii) H2O = 2 × 1 u + 1 × 16 u = 2 u + 16 u = 18 u
(iii) H2SO4 = (2 × 1 u) + (1 × 32 u) + (4 × 16 u) = 2 u + 32 u + 64 u = 98 u
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Q. Find the mass of 1 molecule of oxygen (O2) in amu (u) and in grams.
(Ans. 32 u & 53.1379  10–24 g)
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Q. Define: Formula mass
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Formula Mass: The formula mass of a substance is the sum of atomic masses of the atoms
present in the formula.
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Q. Explain: formula mass with an example.
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Formula Mass:
(i) In sodium chloride, one sodium (Na+) ion is surrounding by six chloride (Cl-) ions, all at the
same distance from it and vice versa. Thus sodium chloride do not contain discrete molecules
as the constituent units.
(ii) Therefore, NaCl is just the formula which is used to represent sodium chloride, though it is not
a molecule.
(iii) Similarly, a term 'formula mass' is used for such ionic compounds, instead of molecular mass.
(iv) The formula mass of a substance is the sum of atomic masses of the atoms present in the
formula.
e.g. Formula mass of NaCl = average atomic mass of Na + average atomic mass of Cl
= 23.0 u + 35.5 u
= 58.5 u
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Q. Find the formula mass of (i) CaSO4 (ii) Cu(NO3)2
[Atomic masses: Ca = 40.1 u, S = 32.1 u, O = 16.0 u, Cu = 63.5 u, N = 14.0 u]
(Ans. 136.2u, 187.5 u)
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Q. One dozen means how many items?
Ans. One dozen = 12 items
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Q. One gross means how many items?
Ans. 1 Gross = (1 dozen)2 = (12 items)2 = 144 items
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Q. Explain: Mole Concept.
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Mole Concept:
(i) Mole is the unit of amount substance and its symbol is mol.
(ii) One mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many entities or particles as there are
atom in exactly 12 g of the carbon – 12 isotope.
(iii) Let us calculate the number of atoms in 12.0000 g of Carbon-12 isotopes.
 Mass of one carbon-12 atom = 1.992648 × 10–23 g
Mass of one mole carbon atom = 12 g
12 g/mol
 Number of atoms in 12 g of carbon -12 = −23
1.992648 × 10 g/atom
23
= 6.0221367 × 10 atom/mol
(iv) Thus, One mole is the amount of substance which contains 6.0221367  1023 particles/entities
(such as atoms, molecules or ions).
(v) Example: (a) 1 mole of oxygen atoms = 6.0221367 × 1023 atoms of oxygen
(b) 1 mole of water molecules = 6.0221367 × 1023 molecules of water
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Q. Explain molar mass.
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Molar mass:
(i) The mass of one mole of a substance (element/compound) in grams is called its molar mass.
(ii) The molar mass of any element in grams is numerically equal to atomic mass of that element
in u.
Element Atomic mass (u) Molar mass (g mol-1)
H 1.0 1.0
C 12.0 12.0
O 16.0 16.0
(iii) Similarly molar mass of polyatomic molecule, in grams is numerically equal to its molecular
mass or formula mass in u.
Polyatomic substance Molecular/formula mass (u) Molar mass (g mol-1)
O2 32.0 32.0
H2O 18.0 18.0
NaCl 58.5 58.5
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Q. Calculate the number of moles and molecules of urea present in 5.6 g of urea.
(Ans. 0.0933 mol, 5.618  1022 molecules)
Q. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following:
(i) 52 moles of Argon (Ar) (ii) 52 u of Helium (He) (iii) 52 g of Helium (He)
(Ans. (i) 313.144  10 , (ii) 13, (iii) 78.286  10 )
23 23

Q. Calculate the number of moles of magnesium oxide, MgO in (i) 80 g and (ii) 10 g of the
compound. (Average atomic masses of Mg = 24 and O = 16) (Ans. (i) 2 mol (ii) 0.25 mol)
Q. In two moles of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) calculate the following a. Number of moles of
carbon b. Number of moles of hydrogen c. Number of moles of oxygen d. Number of
molecules of acetaldehyde. (Ans.: A. 4 mol, B. 8 mol, C. 2 mol, D. 12.044  1023
molecules)
Q. Calculate the number of atoms of hydrogen present in 5.6 g of urea, (NH2)2CO.
Also calculate the number of atoms of N, C and O.
(Ans.: No. of atoms of H = 2.24  1023, N =1.124  1023 and C = 0.562  1023,
O = 0.562  1023)
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Q. Explain: molar volume of gas.
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Molar Volume of a gas:
(i) Chemists have deduced from Avogadro law that “One mole of any gas occupies a volume of
22.4 dm3 at standard temperature (0oC) and pressure (1 atm) (STP).”
(ii) The volume of 22.4 dm3 at STP is known as molar volume of gas
The relationship between number of moles and molar volume can be expressed as follows:
 volume of the gas at STP
(iii) Number of moles of a gas (n) =
Molar volume of the gas
volume of the gas at STP
=
22.4 dm2 mol−1
(iv) One mole of various gas (of different molar masses) occupy 22.4 L at STP and contain
Avogadro’s number of molecules.
(v) Number of molecules = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023 molecules mol–1
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Formulae:
mass of substance 𝑤
1. Number of moles, 𝑛 = molecular mass of the substance , 𝑛 = 𝑀
2. Number of molecules= 𝑛 × Avogadro’s number [6.022 × 1023 ]
3. Volume of gas at STP = 𝑉 = 𝑛 × 22.414 L
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 Competitive Corner
1) How many atoms of argon are present in 3.99 g of it? (Atomic mass = 39.9)
a) 6.022  1022 b) 3.011  1022 c) 3.011  1021 d) 6.022  1021
2) When 46 g of ethyl alcohol is dissolved in 162 g of water, the mole fraction of ethyl alcohol
and water respectively is
a) 0.9, 0.1 b) 0.78, 0.22 c) 0.1, 0.9 d) 0.22, 0.78
3) 6.022  10 molecules of urea are present in 100 ml of its solution. The concentration of
20

solution is
a) 0.10 M b) 0.02 M c) 0.01 M d) 0.001 M
4) At constant temperature and pressure when 8 volume of dihydrogen gas react with 4 volumes
of dioxygen, the mass of water vapour produced is
a) 36 g b) 72 g c) 162 g d) 144 g
5) 0.4 g of an organic compound in Dumass method gives 22.4 ml. of nitrogen collected at S.T.P.
What is the percentage of nitrogen in the compound?
a) 13.67 % b) 7.0 % c) 8.5 % d) 10.0
6) What is the mass of solute (molar mass 39) in 156 g of benzene? If mole fraction of solute in
benzene is 0.2? (At. Wt. C = 12. H = l)
a) 15.8 g b) 19.5 g c) 22.4 g d) 10 g
7) 6.022  10 molecules of glucose are present in 100 ml of its aqueous solution, what is the
21

concentration of this solution?

a) 1.0 M b) 0.1 M c) 0.001 M d) 0.01 M
8) Which of the following set of compounds does NOT demonstrate the law of multiple
proportion?
a) H2O, CO2, CH4 b) H2O, H2O2 c) SO2, SO3 d) NO, NO2
9) The number of moles of ammonia present in 5.6 dm of its volume at S.T.P. is …….
3

a) 0.75 b) 1.0 c) 0.50 d) 0.25

10) 0.224 g of an organic Compound on complete combustion gives 0.126 g of water. What is the
percentage composition of hydrogen in compound?
a) 6.25 % b) 35 % c) 12.50 % d) 25 %
11) What mass of water is formed when 1 mole of methane gas reacts with 2 mole of dioxygen
under identical conditions in their standard states?
a) 27 g b) 18 g c) 36 g d) 54 g
12) One amu is equal to
a) 6.022  10-23g b) 8.302  10-23g c) 1.6605  10-24g d) 4.661  10-25g
13) A solution is 0.50% by weight, what is the weight of solvent containing 2.50g solute?
a) 497.5 g b) 125.0 g c) 500.1 g d) 502.5 g
14) In the reaction 2KClO3(s) + 2KCl(s) + 3 O2(g) H = – 78 kJ. If 33.6 L of oxygen gas is liberated
o

at S.T.P. What is the mass of KCl(s) produced? (At. Mass: K = 39, Cl = 35.5 gm.)
a) 48.0 g b)B 7.45 g c) 24.0 d) 74.5
15) How many atoms of argon are present in 3.99 g of it? (Atomic mass = 39.9)
a) 6.022  1022 b) 3.011  1022 c) 3.011  1021d) 6.022  1021
16) The unit of atomic mass, amu is replaced by u, here u stands for
a) unified mass b) united mass c) unique mass d) universal mass
17) 3.42  10 kg Sugar (molar mass 342) is dissolved in water to produce 234.2 g of sugar syrup,
-2

what is the molality of sugar syrup?

a) 0.50 mol kg–1 b) 0.76 mol kg–1 c) 0.67 mol kg–1 d) 0.85 mol kg–1
18) What is the number of moles and total number of atoms respectively present In 5.6 cm3 of
ammonia gas at STP?
a) 2.50  10-3mol and 1.5  1020 atoms b) 1.505 mol and 6.022  1020atoms
c) 2.05 mol and 1.50  1020atoms d) 2.50  10-4mol and 6.022  1020atoms
19) Which of the following factors affect molarity of solution?
a) Nature of solute dissolved b) Temperature
c) Mass of solvent d) Molar mass of solvent
20) The volume of dihydrogen required for complete hydrogenation of 0.5 dm3 of ethene at S.T.P.
is ……
a) 1.0 dm3 b) 0.5 dm3 c) 0.75 dm3 d) 0.25 dm3
21) The molecular mass of an organic monobasic acid is 129 and value of n is 2. What is empirical
formula mass of compound?
a) 158.0 b) 193.5 c) 64.5 d) 258
22) How many moles of acetic acid is obtained in the reaction when one mole glucose is treated
with excess acetic anhydride?
a) 5 moles b) 3 moles c) 4 moles d) 2 moles
23) The SI unit of pressure is
a) kg ms–2 b) kg ms2 c) kg ms–1s–2 d) kg m2 s
24) What is the molality of a solution containing 300 mg of urea (molar mass 60) dissolved in 30 g
of water?
a) 0.133 m b) 0.825 m c) 0.498 m d) 0.166 m
25) What will be the volume of oxygen gas produced, if the reaction
2 KClO3(s)  2 KCl(s) + 3O2(g), Ho = – 78 kJ is carried out at S.T.P.?
a) 48.0 L b) 44.8 L c) 22.4 L d) 67.2 L
26) How many moles of ethane are required to prepare 6.0 g ethane by hydrogenation process?
a) 0.2 mole b) 0.1 mole c) 1.0 mole d) 4.0 mole
27) Mixture of iodine and Sodium sulphate is separated by
a) Sublimation b) Chromatography c) distillation d) differential extraction
28) Which among the following elements has highest number of atoms in 1 g each?
(At. No. : Au = 197, Na = 23. Cu = 63.5, Fe = 56)
a) Cu(s) b) Na(s) c) Au(s) d) Fe(s)
29) What is the molarity of solution containing 3.2 g of NaOH (Molar mass 40g mol-1) in 250 cm3
of water?
a) 0.512 mol dm–3 b) 0.32 mol dm–3 c) 0.032 mol dm–3 d) 0.02 mol dm–3
30) Find the empirical formula of organic compound if it contains 18.6 % C, 1.55 % H,
55.04 % chlorine? (Atomic mass C = 12, H = 1, Cl = 35.5, O = 16)
a) C2H2Cl2O2 b) CH2ClO c) CHClO d) CHClO2
31) A sample of calcium carbonate has the following percentage composition.
Ca = 40 %, C = 12 % and O = 48 % According to law of definite proportion the weight of
calcium in 4 g of a sample of calcium carbonate from another source will be
(At. no. Ca = 40, C = 40, C = 12, O = 16)
a) 1.6  10–2 b) 1.6 g c) 0.1 g d) 0.2 g
32) Which inert gas is used in chromatography?
a) Ar b) Ne c) Kr d) He

33) Which of the following temperature will read the same value on Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
a) – 40ºC b) + 40ºC c) – 80ºC d) – 20ºC
34) What is the molar mass of a compound represented below?
a) 128 g mol–1 b) 108 g mol–1 c) 120 g mol–1 d) 126 g mol–1
35) 60 g CH3COOH dissolved in 1 dm3 solvent, what is modality of solution?
(Density = 1.25 g/cm3)
a) 0.8 m b) 0.4 m c) 0.2 m d) 0.6 m
36) The volume of oxygen required for complete combustion of 0.25 mole of methane at S.T.P. is
a) 5.6 dm3 b) 22.4 dm3 c) 7.46 dm3 d) 11.2 dm3
37) The unit’s nanometer and Pico-meter are related as,
a) 1 nm = 103 pm b) 1 nm = 10–9 pm
c) 1 nm = 10–12 pm d) 1 nm = 10–3 pm
38) Which of the following pairs of moving phase and stationary phase respectively is correct for
column chromatography?
a) Liquid, Solid b) Solid, Liquid c) Gas, Liquid d) Gas, Solid
39) What is the mass percentage of carbon in urea? (Molar mass of urea = 60 g mol–1)
a) 28.0 % b) 20.0 % c) 26.67 % d) 46.67 %
40) Mole fraction of solute in its 2 molal aqueous solution is
a) 28.775 b) 0.034 c) 0.054 d) 0.018
41) An organic compound was found to contain 40.0 % C and 6.66 % H. Find it’s molecular
formula (Molar mass = 180)
a) C22 H24 O11 b) C2H4O2 c) CH2O d) C6H12O6
42) Pure samples of copper carbonate synthesized in laboratory and found naturally if both
contains 51.35 & copper, 38.91 % carbon and 9.74 % oxygen by weight. This is an accordance
with
a) Law of combining volumes b) Law of conservation of mass
c) Law of multiple proportion d) Law of definite proportion
43) How many gram of dihydrogen is required to react with dinitrogen to produce 34 g of
ammonia?
a) 6 g b) 2 g c) 12 g d) 3 g
44) What is the molarity of solution containing 0.8 g of NaOH (Molar mass 40 g mol–1) in 150 cm3
of water?
a) 0.02 mol dm–3 b) 0.12 mol dm–3 c) 5.33 mol dm–3 d) 0.1333 mol dm–3
45) At what new pressure 100 mL or a gas at pressure of 720 mm will occupy volume of 84 mL
keeping temperature constant?
a) 857.14 mm b) 712.14 mm c) 816.60 mm d) 604.82 mm
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