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Dats 19|o2|25

Tyoes at Computen Anchitect

Non Neumann Q4 Princeton Anctectuy -

I t was
oQs given by Mothumatigian Da John on hunan
in 1945 who Üas cancelted to tho ENIAC

oject
He puoposed' tuo Concepts
ENIAC

st Concept was intoduton Binauy system

insteadof duclna
The staud pogxam Cancept whus progxamma and
data could b stored În the Sama memany

) Havand Ahtectun i

and
Coputen aHchiteetue Loith sepexate stoage
Signal pathuay' fo tnstcHBon and data.
Hauvad Von Neumann
Polat of Compaxisisr
ALU
hpntrolUnit
Awarngumunt Listnutian
Mernen Contol1L Data
ALU
CPU
Memny Memony uat
4
In this_thaix is
no Seporate dat
oh botth the dote maMOn
(RAM) and inutead a sing mancry
mamosy (Ror) sepenatdy conection is gien to
h o cpU.
 alassmate

HaHVad Von euman Dage

HaHdwa Computex Compon ents

Reqireamunt naAduaU, since Hoavand
Sepessate data by less handuwan Sinle Tnput
unt Logic Unit
nd add bu
Common Memouy
Unut
fan each munay needs ontol
Jutput Unt
Unit
Spate Rtqyienat MoTe Space uqined les
Space qured CPU|Pro(eman
Speed of exeution Speed of exe Cution Speed of exeutea Trpt Unt- (omputea accepts encadad
s fasteu be caune
hu pTocesaH fethes
is slowe Since Input unit. Ih standandInput davice usa injaanatan huough
data an nstnction. dota &instnchion keyboand. whanevexa da pwned , keyboad contra e sendi
4hi code to (PU| Memany
simultanecusly h sam tme
Gample hcduds Mouseoystck, st pen. et.

Tt sut in westag Space is net

of Space sincefspace )utput Unit 2- Computea akex CompuBathan tums tha Comrputed
because the space aultseON messagen, ete via sutput unit
s let In tho date data humaHy Can b Th stundaxd sutpt dvices is a viduo montan LCD|TEI monitod
munoyy than ingtnucien uti lised by the inatntia Othu oudpud dovices au prateHS plotteNA ete.
minon cant use hat memony and a- VCA
Space ay ho dato
ad vis Vesa 3)Memay Unit Memany unit staxUA hi pogHAm Ihatructiona
(Coda) data and Hots CompututHoru ete
Memoy unt s clamified :>
Cantrollins Tlhh (ontrlling becam
Cemplex sinte data Contul ing
simpleu Usince ethe
dota Qu instntea
be cam Psimany Memay S4 Main memeny’
muMay hat pnvidu aren athigh sped. Tun imu pogan
H is a seni conductan

inshuchony and openanda a staud n he main mamasny

to be fethe RoM> holdo system goanama and moa HGrtnss such an Blos,
simultanaously at a tine Post, Ilo riem that a13 esenthalto manags th handuoan a a tompute,
RAM> Read waite mamomy o AeR mimoby hat halasnhm
Dogaminstchian and data
 clas nAta
pole
Data

Aunliany Menony
Secondany Memcny o4
pomanent secondaay
stxag
kove to be
erenik, TntenconnecHon trutu

data
and may storedpanhi ulank A Computeeonuist oL set Cosponarts modulu
infaumtion hat
acemed ingntyuuntly th basic es -16cenan. mamaay) thad
Acey tim is 0
longeH and
dovico is_available
wide selechlon
Aeond auyhny
maghutic dis ko, -opical disk
Communate each olhun
davices.
(oND wnd (O) and flash minoy Thucollection paxts Connehng moduleA
is.caled inteconnecion structuu.
Unit (ALU) > ALU Conaist
logie ciruts ik addy,
Ihe
design thi's
that
shuctuu oll.dupend sn th
Mustbe
compa ataa et:y to peom openatisr adohan mu exhanga. madi tHhamodulo..

Cempai Son too num be etc Contro Read

Read I<o
MemaH.
N odnds wte module
na

Data
s) Corn:l Unit (cu) - cU coaudinates achviies a al "h Adn Addrun ExteanaJ
Mpats
witsby issutng contrl
dat
Cortrol slgala issved goveaned the dat innau and the data S\gha

ag»piat openations taks place. Cu Intenpnuts a dadds

thu opeahonaction to be
peyomca. TnstvcHon Add

Tha openatons o a Compute Can be SunmavZd as lous

Data CPU Contr
Sgha
A.A set c inahvciona called a proqaam Hesi du inthe ma'n
Muny LAnept Dota
sBna
2Th (PU ktha tose inshnuchiony sequatially sn-
by-OM
decod hen and penasnn 4ha speiied. ton openatiou A mumoty modul Consist0 N- waHdu eaual
n asouoted dota
opesands in ALV (Feth. Decodo l Exete) tach and Numcal addum
3.ntened dato ard
4AH Qctvitiea pahiingosats gll be displayed on an dota Can ead from al
to sutp
-and data_ movemt mtten intohe mman
by conta! A notuHL hu opeHathion çs indicated by ead|
wnteCont Sisnal locahon fan tha openetbn
is Spected bin an oddxem.
 Tcte clasSMate
Date 21| 02\25
Page oA

an tnteuna (to
Module - from
I/o System) point of vieI|o Bus Tte connection,trvctu B Aschitectuu
simila to h
Autonatly tuo cpenation8 Readi b nte Abus_i
mou devices,
Communlcation path uny Connehng
Thou au
Contol
an
I<0 Modula may Mothan a bus conalst multiple commui ation pcthuoay
fuathun
dov'ce. We Can yn to eah eachiins
extenal dov'ce copablea tanatitng
Binay nd Binany o
and
exh a wNque xample 8_bit unit data Can be tranymited OveH

In adaition extena datapottom 8 bus Jn

th Ihput onc Gutput data uoth an
extennal davice. finaly modula buses that
mag ComputeSystem Contajns
to send ineupt slgnaa to the pocenan poovide pathwoys between componuts Viau levels
Compute system heiiaN.
Riocena Ihs pemaH Head

data and uNes NOTE 8A_bus that Connect majas Compute Conponnts
Cont) Sinala. to hos oveHa! Gpesathn
Contl (CPU, TJo davicea, Pocesan) caleda
hu sysBem. I adao uucees intru pt signal -System Buy:
thu inteyConnech'on inst structu must support t
follouing Transfen 3 INPUT OUTPUT Memory) TroLena
to proceSSoY Th pDceSaAwads. an insth
dato toom mamey System Bus
rocesan to wNtea
cata to
dato frn
an T/o dov'ce viaaO Io modal Data, Adduen and Control Jinea
roceman toI/0 Tha proten04 otes data.
cuv'ce ya Data Bus ’Th data linS prorida poth fa moving
Ilo to an from systemmoulu. Thne he
Memony dota
data bus Th data bu may
data diectly th moduls s allowed t exang
without preer callectivey
conyist
called
39. 64. 18 even_ mo seperate
aem (DMA)
he wldth th data bus
beinggd
 clAssAe
Date
Pace
alaseate

wid!h
data bus a key Jatan Amemory ead3- Incauses
Ths System Pentemanee dota addHGS
deleanung location placed bus
Ths adduess lins
Adduess Bu
designateade_ h SGUHCe UNedt doto bus to be cotpt
thh data
data buy
deshnatt tothh addeRsed IÊo

I{o Read Case doto fsum th addaessed Io pot

h pOcesoT wish to ead
foy ey - be placed on h bus
O(8 16,99 bits) dota fom meÊN
th addess. deaied
TA put Fsoanste ACK 2 Tndicates thot 4h data hove being
n th adduess lin Qccepled fom
addess. bw placed
Tho wold 4h dateumine th
tho Systena Maximu
possible
Authuwn. 4he addess line
capadBy o also used o
Bus Requkst - indicate thot modus mean

cod
to
goincanhl o thu bus
addess
Bus Gsant -Thdicates that Mequethng module
Contol Bus - Thi contso| l u to cantol hos been to contol
acces to
bus
datu k addHess hs.
8 Iopt Reuet - Trdicates thot n Intenept
Because ttha data & dddess Knes
Components thu muust be
shaned by at pending
meo Contalia
thuu Use
Control signads tsanamite both Commano
(9ThteUpt Ack s that
Aeknauledgs Inesupt
and Haa
omatsh among System Mocule. Mea~nised..
Tg siada indseates thu validity (10
addian hmation Command Signal spdfy dataapeatn
ant ae tosiynchronise opesation
be
Typca cento lines Reset- Tntiaises modus

Nenon ote
dato on th bun ohewnten
addessed Hotatan
 E-(0o!o)
Resut o0|o2 (A-8)= Ans finad
plenat 9's Anwen= inal
nd
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emnt) Cemp O00
's
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complemnt) J's
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(A+8) + -(-B) (+A)
15 B (A-8) -[8-A) +(A-8) (+A)-(+8)
13’110I1I =A 18-A)_A92A-Bx + (A+8) - (5) (-A)+
Llo 35 B
A-15L (A-8)(8-A)A-g (A-8) 4- (+6) (-A)+
(A-8) Ars inal (AZ8)(A-3 (-B) (+A)+
+(A+B) (+8) (+A)+
Renaining
nt -93 taking Magnitud. Subtract >8) (A
ageutud |AOpexations
ds S.N
bent wi(A-)
l! Resul+ Discand VexiahonhavéfoMauwing
any aoat'&ca thu fa Se,
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(A-8) 33Complemnt using (A-B) fxoblem. Compututional
tHocuce data
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insction Artmatc
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