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CEE 443 - Lecture 2

The document outlines the design methods for steel structures, focusing on Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load & Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). It highlights the importance of safety, load considerations, and the use of codes of practice to ensure structural integrity. Additionally, it provides an overview of different types of steel sections and their applications in structural design.

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6 views31 pages

CEE 443 - Lecture 2

The document outlines the design methods for steel structures, focusing on Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load & Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). It highlights the importance of safety, load considerations, and the use of codes of practice to ensure structural integrity. Additionally, it provides an overview of different types of steel sections and their applications in structural design.

Uploaded by

Al Emran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEE 443

Steel Structure
Credit 2.0

Ayesha Ferdous Mita


Assistant Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
S h a h j a l a l U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d Te c h n o l o g y, S y l h e t
Lecture 02
Design Methods for Steel Structure

1. ASD (Allowable Stress Design)

2. LRFD (Load & Resistance Factor Design)


Design Considerations

 Structural Design must provide adequate margin of safety irrespective of Design Method.

 The most important goal in design is to prevent limit state from being reached.

 To determine the acceptable margin of safety, AISC manuals for ASD & LRFD guidelines are
followed in steel design.
ASD

 Safety in design is obtained by specifying that the effects of the loads should produce
stresses that were the fraction of yield stress, fy

Resistance, R
 Factor of Safety =
Effect of load, Q

𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
=
0.5𝒇𝒇𝒚𝒚
=2

 Since the specifications sets limit on stresses, it became Allowable Stress Design (ASD).
Drawback of ASD
1. ASD does not give reasonable measures of strength.

2. Factor of Safety (FOS) is applied only to stress not in load.


LRFD
 Apply factor of safety (FOS) in design by

1. Load factors (> 1)

2. Strength reduction factor (< 1)

 Safety in the design is obtained by specifying that the reduced Nominal Strength of a
designed structure is greater than the effect of factored loads acting on the structure.
Types of Loads

1. Dead load

2. Live load

3. Environmental load
Load Combinations
ASD Load combinations LRFD Load combinations

1. 1.2D + 1.6L
1. 1.0D + 1.0L
2. 1.4D

3. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr

4. 1.2D + 1.6Lr + (1.0L or 0.8W)


Where

D = Dead load

L = Live load on intermediate floors

Lr = Live load on roof

W = Wind Load
ASD vs. LRFD

ASD LRFD
ASD combines Dead and Live Loads and In LRFD different load factors are assigned to
treats them in the same way Dead Loads and Live Loads
ASD indirectly incorporates the Factors of LRFD aims to specify Factors of Safety
Safety by limiting the stress directly by specifying Resistance Factors and
Load Factors
Purposes of Structural Design

 Fitness for purpose

 Safety and reliability

 Economy

 Maintainability

 Serviceability
Design Process
Code of practice

 document that gives recommendations for the design and construction of structures

 Contains detailed requirements of loads, stresses, strengths, design formulas and methods

 Ensure adequate structural safety

 Simplify the task of designer

 ensure consistency among different designers

 Have legal validity, protect the structural designers from any liability due to structural failures
that are caused by inadequate supervision, faulty material and construction
Code of practice

 Building codes- ACI, BNBC, IS, Eurocode

 AISC: American Institute of Steel Construction


Specifications for structural steel design
 ANSI: American National Standards Institute
Overview of LRFD Manual
 Part 1: Dimensions and properties

 Part 2: General Design considerations

 Part 3: Design of flexural members

 Part 4: Design of compression members For Member Design

 Part 5: Design of Tension members

 Part 6: Design of members subject to combined loading


Overview of LRFD Manual
 Part 7: Design considerations for bolts

 Part 8: Design considerations for welds

 Part 9: Design of connecting elements

 Part 10: Design of simple shear connections For Connection Design

 Part 11: Design of flexible moment connections

 Part 12: Design of fully restrained (FR) moment connections

 Part 13: Design of Bracing connections and truss connections

 Part 14: Design of Beam bearing plates, Column base plates, anchor rods, and column splices

 Part 15: Design of Hanger connections, Bracket plates, and Crane-rail connections
Different Types of Steel Sections
Typical Tension Members
Typical Tension Members

1. Chord Members in trusses 2. Diagonal bracing in bracing systems

Diagonal
Vertical Top chord

Bottom chord
Typical Tension Members

3. Cable elements in suspension roofs, main cables of suspension bridges and suspenders
Typical Compression Members
Typical Compression Members
1. Columns in building
Typical Compression Members

2. Chord members in trusses


3. Diagonal members in end panels of trusses
Typical Beam Members
Wide flange section
Channel section
Angle section
AISC chart sample (Wide-flange)

From Strength of materials-By Singer


AISC chart sample (Channel)

From Strength of materials-By Singer


AISC chart sample (Angle)

From Strength of materials-By Singer


Thank You

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