Important Arithmetic Formulas
1. Number System
- Sum of first n natural numbers: n(n + 1)/2
- Sum of squares of first n natural numbers: n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6
- Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers: [n(n + 1)/2]^2
- Even + Even = Even, Odd + Odd = Even, Even + Odd = Odd
- Product of two numbers = LCM x HCF (only for two numbers)
2. HCF and LCM
- HCF x LCM = Product of numbers (for two numbers only)
- HCF of fractions = HCF of numerators / LCM of denominators
- LCM of fractions = LCM of numerators / HCF of denominators
3. Simplification & Surds
- a^0 = 1, a^{-n} = 1/a^n
- sqrta = a^{1/2}, cuberoota = a^{1/3}
- BODMAS Rule: Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction
4. Averages
- Average = (Sum of quantities) / (Number of quantities)
- If each number is increased/decreased by x, the average increases/decreases by x
Important Arithmetic Formulas
5. Ratio and Proportion
- Ratio: a:b = a/b
- Proportion: a:b = c:d implies a/b = c/d
- Compound ratio: a:b x c:d = ac:bd
6. Percentage
- Percentage = (Value / Total value) x 100
- x% of y = (x/100) x y
- If value increases by x%, new value = Original x (1 + x/100)
- If value decreases by x%, new value = Original x (1 - x/100)
7. Profit, Loss and Discount
- Profit = SP - CP, Loss = CP - SP
- Profit% = (Profit / CP) x 100, Loss% = (Loss / CP) x 100
- SP = (100 Profit or Loss%) x CP / 100
- Discount = MP - SP
- Successive Discount: Net% = a + b - ab/100
8. Simple and Compound Interest
- SI = (P x R x T) / 100
- CI = P(1 + R/100)^T - P
- Difference between CI and SI for 2 years: P(R^2)/100^2
Important Arithmetic Formulas
9. Time and Work
- Work = Rate x Time
- If A can do a work in n days, then A's 1 day work = 1/n
- If A is x times as good a worker as B, ratio of times = 1:x
10. Time, Speed and Distance
- Speed = Distance / Time
- If speed is in km/hr and time in sec, multiply speed by 5/18 to get m/s
- Average speed = (2xy)/(x + y) when distance is same
11. Boats and Streams
- Upstream speed = u - v, Downstream speed = u + v
- Effective speed = Distance / Time
12. Pipes and Cisterns
- If a pipe fills in x hours, part filled in 1 hour = 1/x
- If a pipe empties in y hours, part emptied in 1 hour = 1/y
Important Arithmetic Formulas
13. Mixture and Alligation
- Average = (Sum of quantities x %)/(Total quantity)
- Rule of alligation: (High - Mean):(Mean - Low)
14. Ages
- Present age, age after x years = Present + x
- Use equations based on given conditions
