COMPUTER ESSENTIALS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course, the participants would be able to:
Define computer and identify the four basic
computing functions.
Identify the different types of computers.
Describe hardware devices and its uses.
Identify types of software and its uses.
COMPUTER
An advanced electronic device that takes raw
data as input from the user and processes it
under the control of set of instructions (program),
gives the result (output), and saves (store) it for
the future use.
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
Functionalities of a Computer:
1. Input: Transferring of data into a computer
system.
2. Store: Storing of data/information/instructions in
the memory and use them when required.
3. Process: Manipulating and controlling of data and
converting it into useful information.
4. Output: Generating the output or displaying the
information.
COMPUTER
Functionalities of a Computer:
It can summarized using the I-P-O + S diagram
COMPUTER
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
STORE
DATA
A collection of independent raw facts, numbers,
letters, symbols and any combination of these
that provide necessary requirements of a system
to achieve a result.
DATA
Example: Juan dela Cruz
25
Quezon City
Single
January 11, 1991
Teacher
Male
INFORMATION
A data made meaningful based on the needs of
the user through manipulation.
Also called processed data.
INFORMATION
Data Juan dela Cruz
Example: 25
Quezon City
Single
January 11, 1991
Teacher
Male
INFORMATION
Example: Juan
Full dela
Name: Cruz
25
Address:
Quezon City
Birthdate: Single
January 11, 1991
Civil Status: Age:
Teacher
Sex: MaleOccupation:
TYPE OF COMPUTERS
Desktop Computers – are
designed to be placed on a
desk, and they're typically
made up of a few different
parts, including the computer
case, monitor, keyboard,
and mouse.
TYPE OF COMPUTERS
Laptop Computers – also
known as notebooks, are
portable computers that you
can take with you and use in
different environments.
TYPE OF COMPUTERS
TabletComputers or tablets –
are handheld computers that
are even more portable than
laptops. Instead of a keyboard
and mouse, tablets use
a touch-sensitive screen for
typing and navigation.
OTHER COMPUTER TYPES
Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things
computers can do, including browsing the Internet and
playing games.
OTHER COMPUTER TYPES
Wearables: Wearable technology
is a general term for a group of
devices — including fitness
trackers and smartwatches —
that are designed to be worn
throughout the day.
OTHER COMPUTER TYPES
Gameconsoles: A game console is a specialized type of
computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.
OTHER COMPUTER TYPES
Smart TVs: Many TVs now include applications —or apps
— that let you access various types of online content. You
can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer system is made of:
Hardware – the physical Software – the programs
components or list of instructions
HARDWARE
Hardware represents the physical and tangible
components of a computer i.e. the components that
can be seen and touched.
Examples of hardware are following:
Input devices - keyboard, mouse etc.
Output devices - printer, monitor etc.
Internal components - CPU, motherboard, RAM etc.
Secondary storage devices - hard disk, CD, DVD etc.
INPUT DEVICES
What is an Input?
What are the Input Devices?
INPUT DEVICES
Any data or instruction entered into the computer is
known as INPUT.
An input device helps you to communicate with the
computer.
To enter information and issue commands, you use
input devices.
Examples of input devices:
Keyboard Microphone
Mouse Digital Camera
Scanner and Web Camera
KEYBOARD
The keyboard is the most common and widely used
input device.
MOUSE
– a pointer device
Primary button – left button of the mouse.
Secondary button – right button of the
mouse
Scroll Wheel – located between the buttons
use to help you scroll thru documents and
webpages more easily.
Note: You will use the primary button most often.
SCANNER
Ascanner is an input device
that reads printed text and
graphics and the image or
text obtained can be saved
or changed on the
computer.
MICROPHONE
A microphone allows you
to record your voice to the
computer.
CAMERA
Records video and stores
images in digital form, which
can then be viewed on a
screen.
OUTPUT DEVICES
What is an Output?
What are the Output Devices?
OUTPUT DEVICES
Computer is fed with a lot of data to be processed
and organized.
The data that has been processed into a useful form
is called OUTPUT.
Examples of output devices are:
Monitor Speaker
Printer Headphone
MONITOR
A monitor is an output device similar to a television
screen.
PRINTER
Printer is an output device that print text and
graphics from a computer onto paper.
SPEAKERS
A speaker allows you to hear the sound generated
by your computer.
HEADPHONE
Headphone is used to listen to music and sounds.
INTERNAL COMPONENTS
What are the
Internal Components?
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
CPU is considered as the brain of
the computer.
CPU performs all types of data
processing operations.
MOTHER BOARD
The motherboard serves as a single
platform to connect all of the parts
of a computer together.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
Alternatively referred to as main
memory, primary memory, or
system memory, Random Access
Memory (RAM).
SECONDARY STORAGE
What are the
Secondary Storage Devices?
SECONDARY STORAGE
Also known as the secondary
memory which serves as the storage
area of the computer system.
Hard Disk
USB Flash Drive
CD (Compact Disk)
DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video
Disk)
Memory Card / SD Card
Online File Storage
SOFTWARE
is any set of instructions that tells the hardware
what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells
it how to accomplish each task.
Some examples of software include web browsers,
games, and word processors.
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system (OS) is software that starts up
a computer and keeps it running and responding to
your commands.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Runs applications (useful programs like word
processors, calculators, and so on) and enables you
to interact with them.
Creates and maintains the user interface that you
see onscreen, such as the icons you click and the
dialog boxes you see.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Examples of Operating System
PEOPLEWARE
Personnel involved in the design, development,
installation and maintenance of computer
Users
Programmers
Systems Analyst
System/Network Administrator
ASSIGNMENT
Four basic computing functions.
Other internal components of the computer.
Latest Operating System.
